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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the reconstruction refer to? |
The process of rebuilding the south physically, politically, and socially |
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What what percentage of southerners had to pledge an oath of loyalty in order for the state to be readmitted to the union? |
10% |
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What was Lincoln's plan called? |
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction |
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What were Republicans called that wanted a harsher treatment of the South? |
Radical Republicans |
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What were Republicans called that wanted more leneint requirements for the south? |
Moderate republicans |
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What was Congress’ plan for Reconstruction? |
The Wade-Davis Bill (1864) – based on 50% loyalty |
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What happened to this bill? |
Lincoln used a pocket veto |
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Who was Lincoln’s VP? Where was he from? |
Andrew Johnson – Tennessee (Democrat) |
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What former Confederate VP was elected to Congress after the war? |
Alexander Stephens |
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What were laws called that discriminated against freedmen? |
Black Codes or Jim Crow laws |
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What government organization provided aid to former slaves? |
The Freedmen’s Bureau |
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What did President Johnson veto? |
The Freedmen’s Bureau and the Civil Rights Bill (Congress overrode them both) |
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What amendment provided for citizenship for all people born inthe US? ` |
The 14th Amendment |
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What else did this amendment stipulate? |
“equal protection of the laws” |
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What two cities had race riots in 1866? |
1.Memphis – 46 blacks killed, 12 black churches burned, 4 black schools burned 2.New Orleans – 34 blacks and 3 whites killed |
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Who were two most famous Radical Republicans? |
Senator Charles Sumner and Rep. Thaddeus Stevens |
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What did Congress pass when President Johnson attempt to remove his Radical cabinet members? |
The Tenure of Office Act - only Congress had the power to hire or fire cabinet members |
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What occurred next? |
Johnson fired his secretary of war |
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What did Congress do next? |
The House impeached Johnson |
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What was the result of this trial in the Senate? |
Johnson was acquitted by one single vote |
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What did Sherman promise slaves during his March to the Sea? |
40 acres and a mule |
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Were freedmen ever given land or animals? |
Yes – the Freedmen’s Bureau gave thousands of acres of land abandoned or confiscated by the Union |
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Were they given ownership of this land? |
They could buy the land if they farmed it for 3 years |
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What then happened? |
Pardoned Confederates reclaimed their land |
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What system was created where someone rents farmland inreturn for a portion of their harvested crop? |
Sharecropping |
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What were Northerners called that moved down South to benefit from Reconstruction? |
Carpetbaggers (a carpetbag was a suitcase) |
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What were Southerners called that benefited from Reconstruction (in politics or business)? |
Scalawags |
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Who won the election of 1868? |
Ulysses S. Grant |
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Even though President Grant was seen as honest, what is his administration known for? |
Its corruption |
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What was the Greenback Party? |
Supported paper currency; usually found in the West |
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What did the Specie Resumption Act do in 1875? |
It resumed government payments in specie (gold/silver) |
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What amendment gave voting rights to all males? |
15th |
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Did women support the 15th Amendment? |
They were split, some supported, others opposed |
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What secret society was aimed at white supremacy? |
The KKK – Ku Klux Klan |
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What Confederate became the Grand Dragon of the KKK? |
Nathan Bedford Forrest |
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Who attempted to corner the gold market in 1869? |
Jay Gould |
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What “construction company” received gov’t contracts to build part of the Transcontinental Railroad? |
Credit Mobilier |
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What was the purpose of this company? |
To steal gov’t money – it was a fake company |
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What was the Whiskey Ring? |
Whiskey taxes were stolen by federal officials |
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Whose political cartoon created the labels of donkeys for democrats and elephants for republicans |
Thomas Nast |
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Who probably should have won the election of 1876? |
Samuel Tilden |
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What three states sent in conflicting election results? |
South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana |
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Rutherford B. Hayes victory was part of what compromise? |
The compromise of 1877 |
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What did the Northern men do to please the South? |
They said if Hayes is named the winner, then all federal troops in the South would leave and Reconstruction would end |
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What does the Solid South refer to? |
The South voted Democrat for the next 100 years |
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Who won the election of 1872? |
Grant (Republican) |
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What is bulldozing? |
Blacks were threatened with losing their jobs or eviction from farms or physical harm if they voted Republican |
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What was the message? |
“Vote Democratic or don’t vote at all” |
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What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlaw? |
Public and private discrimination based on race |
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What did the Supreme Court do in 1883? |
Overturned the Civil Rights Act |
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What refers to the South attempting to modernize with new industry after Reconstruction? |
The New South |
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What animal was vital to American Indians? |
The buffalo (American bison) |
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What 1864 massacre was led by John Chivington and saw over 150 Arapaho Indians killed despite waving white flags? |
The Sand Creek Massacre (Colorado) |
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Following massacres, what did the US government do regarding American Indians? |
They created small Indian reservations where they could learn to farm and become “more civilized” |
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What two territories were chosen for these reservations? |
The Dakota and Oklahoma Territories |
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What did Indians call black troops who fought in the Red River War in Texas? |
Buffalo Soldiers |
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What event led to Custer’s Last Stand in 1876? |
Prospectors tramped across Indian land; conflicts arose; George Armstrong Custer pushed forward and was surrounded |
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Where was Custer surrounded? |
At Little Bighorn, Montana |
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What was the result? |
All of Custer’s 265 men were killed by the Sioux Indians |
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Who led the Nez Perce on their retreat from US troops? |
Chief Joseph |
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Did the Nez Perce make it to Canada? |
No, they surrendered only 30 miles from the border |
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What was Chief Joseph’s famous speech to his people? |
“I will fight no more forever.” |
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What was the final of the Indian Wars? |
Wounded Knee, South Dakota |
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What Indian ritual spread throughout the West? |
Ghost Dances |
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Why did these dances scare white people? |
The Indians believed that the dances would cause the white man to disappear and Indian lands and buffalo would be returned |
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What did many of the Sioux wear which they believed would protect them from bullets? |
Ghost Shirts |
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What Indian chief was killed by soldiers at Wounded Knee? |
Chief Big Foot |
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What else resulted at Wounded Knee? |
300 men, women and children were killed by US soldiers |
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What author wrote a book about the US mistreatment of Indians? |
Helen Hunt Jackson |
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What was the name of Jackson’s book? |
A Century of Dishonor (1881) |
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What 1887 act broke up reservations? |
The Dawes Severalty Act |
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What did the Dawes Act do? |
It broke up reservations and provided land to each Indian family |
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What was the goal of the Dawes Act? |
To encourage the Indians to assimilate |
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What was the final blow for the American Indians? |
The elimination of the buffalo |
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How did this occur? |
It was a planned elimination by the whites; “every buffalo dead is an Indian gone” (3 million buffalo were killed in only 3 years) |
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What were popular novels of the late 19th century called? |
Dime novels (sold for .10) |
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Who was the most popular of the dime novelists? |
Horatio Alger |
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What 1859 silver discovery was worth between $300-400 million? |
The Comstock Lode |
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What is Nevada known as today? |
The Silver State |
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Why did farmers favor bimetallism? |
Using gold and silver would allow the gov’t to print more paper money which would lead to inflation; inflation means farmers could sell their crops at higher prices |
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What ethnic group settled in mining towns? |
Chinese |
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What did Congress pass because of this in 1882? |
The Chinese Exclusion Act |
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What were black farmers called that left the South and relocated in Kansas? |
Exodusters |
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What did the Grange do? |
Provided social, cultural and educational activities for farmers |
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What territory was opened up for settlement in 1889? |
Oklahoma |
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What were settlers called that left before the cannon sounded to claim a homestead? |
“Sooners” |
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What were settlers called that left after the cannon sounded? |
“Boomers” |
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What professor wrote a paper about the West? |
Frederick Jackson Turner - known as Turner’s Thesis |
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1. The frontier is the true history of the US, not the East 2.The frontier acted as a social leveler – no class distinction |
3.The frontier served as a safety valve for people discontented in the East – it provided a fresh start for people |
