Apush Chapter 20

Front 1

Fort Sumter/ "a calculated victory"

Back 1

1861 was the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina, that started the American Civil War.The stronghold would last only a few weeks. If no supplies were forthcoming they would have to surrender. It was his obligation to protect federal property. Lincoln adopted a
middle-of-the-road solution. He notified the South
Carolinians that an expedition would be sent to provision
the garrison, though not to reinforce it. But to
Southern eyes “provision” spelled “reinforcement" Sumter—a move that the South regarded as
an act of aggression. On April 12, 1861, the cannon
of the Carolinians opened fire on the fort. Lincoln had a calculated victory because thsi have the north the morale to fight to keep the south.

Front 2

Richmond, Virginia

Back 2

was the new capital of the Confederency. Too near Washington.

Front 3

Dealing with the border states

Back 3

Lincoln resorted in dubious legality. He send in troops to the border states. He dependend on the states. He had to declare that he was not fighting for the blacks in order to keep the states.

Front 4

War advantages: South

Back 4

The North had to invade and go into their territory while the South only had to defend. They enjoyed the first morale to fight for thier soil and self determination. They had the most talented officers. They were accustomed and bred to fight.

Front 5

War advantages: North

Back 5

They had a huge farm and sprangling factory. They were connected through railroads. They controlled the seas. Allowed for blockade and for trade with Europe. Larger man power.

Front 6

The failure of King Cotton

Back 6

The British had reserves of cotton and therefore did not have to depend on cotton at the moment. The European masses supported the north. England went through a famine and heavily relied on the grain of the north more then on the cotton of the south. Cotton was also imported from Indian and Egypt therefore the south was not the only supplier. The war industry also took the laborers that were laid off because of the lack of cotton therefore Europe did not feel the pinch of King Cotton. King Corn and King Wheat beat him out.

Front 7

Trent Affair

Back 7

was an international diplomatic incident that occurred during the American Civil War. On November 8, 1861, the USS San Jacinto, commanded by Union Captain Charles Wilkes, intercepted the British mail packet Trent and removed two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell. The envoys were bound for Great Britain, then the most powerful nation in the world, and France to press the Confederacy’s case for diplomatic recognition by Europe.This could have erupted in war between the north and England. But the north successfully avoided war through diplomacy.

Front 8

Alabama

Back 8

was a screw sloop-of-war built for the Confederate States Navy at Birkenhead, United Kingdom, in 1862 by John Laird Sons and Company. Alabama served as a commerce raider, attacking Union merchant and naval ships over the course of her two-year career, during which she never laid anchor in a Southern port.It was maned by Britons and never entered the Confederacy although the flag was on the ship.

Front 9

Archduke Maximilian

Back 9

(1832-1867) he was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico, during the Second Mexican Empire, with the backing of Napoleon III of France and a group of Mexican monarchists on 10 April 1864. Many foreign governments refused to recognize his government, including the United States. This helped to ensure the success of Republican forces led by Benito Juárez, and Maximilian was executed, after capture by Republicans, in 1867. In Mexico, he and his consort are known.

Front 10

"The president's questionable acts"

Back 10

Congress was not in session when war broke out. He proclaimed the blockade, arbitreraly increased teh size of the federal army. He directed the Secretary tresury to advance 2 million withouit appropriation or security to three private citizens for military purposes. Suspended habeas corpus. Arranged for supervised voting in the border states. Suspended certain newspapers on grounds of obstructing the war as well as arresting some editors.

Front 11

Conscription (draft) law: North

Back 11

in 1863, after volunteering
had slackened off, Congress passed a federal conscription
law for the first time on a nationwide scale
in the United States. The provisions were grossly
unfair to the poor. it was requiring citizens to serve in the armed forces. Rich boys were allowed to get substitutes or to pay 300 dollars to stay out of the war. This also raised revenue for the war. It was damned by Democrats in the North.

Front 12

Bounty Brokers

Back 12

They combed the poorhouses
of the British Isles and western Europe, and
many an Irishman or German was befuddled with
whiskey and induced to enlist. A number of the slippery
“bounty boys” deserted, volunteered elsewhere,
and netted another handsome haul. The
records reveal that one “bounty jumper” repeated
his profitable operation thirty-two times.

Front 13

Conscription (draft) law: South

Back 13

Draft men in 1862 from seveteen to fifty. Rich man were allowed to buy their way out and if you were a slave owner or an overseer you were excused from service. Twenty or more slaves though.

Front 14

War revenue-raisers: North

Back 14

Excise taxes on tobacco
and alcohol were substantially increased by Congress.
An income tax was levied for the first time in
the nation’s experience. Customs receipts likewise proved to be important
revenue-raisers. The Morrill Tarriff Act. Washington Tresury issued green backed paper money. Supported by gold. The holders of the notes were taxed. Bonds were sold. A National Banking system was launched. They collectively could buy bonds and back paper money.

Front 15

War revenue-raisers: South

Back 15

Customs duties were chocked of . Large bonds were sold. Increase in taxes. The Confederate government printed blue paper money that inflated the economy.

Front 16

"Shoddy Millionaires"

Back 16

was a derogatory term for the war profiteers in the North during the American Civil War . Allegedly, they supplied the Union army with faulty uniforms made from reprocessed "shoddy" wool rather than virgin wool.Shoddy millionaires also allegedly made shoes from cardboard that would dissolve when the soldiers marched in water or mud.

Front 17

Women's role in the Civil War

Back 17

Lack of men opened new oppurtunities for women in the factories. They accompanied men in front line by posing as men to fight. They were spies. Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell assisted Union armies in the field. Nurses cured the sick in the field. Organized bazaars and fairs raised million of dollars for the relief of widows, orphans, and disabled soldiers.