Apush Chapter 17/ Frontier Thesis

Front 1

Describe the Plains Indians pre 1849 (gold rush)(describe way of life, condition, etc.)

Back 1

- live out west on vast reserves
- rely on bison (teepes, food, etc)
- nomadic way of life (follow bison)
-

Front 2

a.when was the gold rush?
b.what does it do the the Native American way of life? How does it do this?

Back 2

a.1849
b. destroys the NA nomadic way of life by depleating the the buffalo population and disrupting their migration patterns

Front 3

what happened to the vast NA reserve? why?

Back 3

the gold rush to the west made the federal government make the vast reserve into smaller seperate areas (this destroyed their nomadic way of life)
-ID Indian board of commisioners

Front 4

how was the new NA reserve policy enforced/ how did they make it appeal to the NA?

Back 4

- troops stationed
- Ft. Laramie treaty 1868
- many treaties only created more tention between NA and white settlers

Front 5

what was the Ft. Laramie treaty?

Back 5

an agreement between the Sioux and the Fed. gov that they NA would stay on their reservation in return for money and provisions

Front 6

How did the NA react to this new policy?

Back 6

-Navajo and Sioux fight policy
-1864- battle of sand creek (shows NA hostility and fed. gov reaction)

Front 7

*what was the purpose peace commission sent by congress? date?

Back 7

1867
- made to enforce reservations

Front 8

what did the board of Indian commissioners do? date? was it effective?

Back 8

1869= created to reform the NA reservation system
- hard to enforce board policies due to NA refusal to remain on reservations
- unable to restrain whites who fraudulantly purches reservation lands

Front 9

What did white settlers beleive to be a good solution to the NA problem? How did they/people act upon this?

Back 9

- "save" the NA by americanizing them
- Dawes severalty act
- Helen hunt jackson- a century of dishonor
- Woman's National Indian Rights Association

Front 10

a.when and what is the dawes severalty act?
b. was it effective?

Back 10

a.1887-an attempt to Americanize the NA. eliminates tribes and focus's on INDIVIDUAL. grants land for accepting provisions. after 25 years of gov. controlling land NA recieve citizenship
b. FAILURE slashes total NA acreage

Front 11

what is "a century of dishonor"?
Womans National Indian Rights Association?

Back 11

-Helen Hunt Jackson calls for full rights of NA and assimulation
-took cause to helping NA

Front 12

when and what is the significance of wounded knee creek? why did it happen?

Back 12

1890- last NA and army conflict because the NA gave up
- happened because settlers broke the Ft. Laramie Treaty

Front 13

What is the significance of the completion of the Trans- Continental Railroad?

Back 13

- helped GREATLY with settling the West
- transportation was made faster and easier which led to faster development of the West
- could ship supplies, people (girl homesteaders, europeans, exodusters,chinese labor, quick troop transport) and products to market (force cash crops=dependent on)

Front 14

what are some policies that helped settle the west?

Back 14

- Pacific RR Act
- Morill Land Grant Act (helped land for colleges)
- Homestead Act

Front 15

when and what is the Homestead Act?

Back 15

-1862
- created to help settle the west and help the poor achieve economic independence
-settlers would pay for land over a period of time
- attracts Europeans because land is cheaper in US
- problems: doesn't do what intended, people fraudulently got the land, land wasn't enough
-CONNECTIONS: idea of west as safety vaulve (poor can come from cities)
- difficult physcological adjustment

Front 16

what were the homestead acts effects? what acts came about as a result of the homestead act? why?

Back 16

- 160 acres is not enough created acts such as the timber and culture act, desert land act, and timber and stone acts in order to improve their land
- difficult psychological adjustment to hard frontier life
- difficult to grow crops at time..bad weather?
- didn't go to everyone that it intended, land was obtained frauduletnly

Front 17

describe the benefits and disadvantages of new farms and markets

Back 17

benefits: new technology= more efficent
ex. steel plows, BARBED WIRE

disadvantages:
- technology and demand gave galse hope of long term prosperity
- specialized in cash crops
->dependent on RR for shipping
(vulnerable to fluctuating markets and unpredictable WEATHER)

Front 18

what was society like in the late half of the 1800's. What did it do for women?

Back 18

-community orientd
- more liberal with female enfranchisement (wyoming)
- men in west were working alongside women which led to a more respected view

Front 19

what kind of settlement was created with the mining boom?

Back 19

melting pot (diverse settlement)

Front 20

what does the mining boom do for the economy? what are some examples of the mining boom?

Back 20

stiminlated the economy with gold and silver production
- brought new investors
- made US part of the world market
ex. comstock lode

Front 21

what are the disadvantages to the mining boom? what does this create?

Back 21

- exploting the landscape destroys the environment
- this begins the conservation movement

Front 22

what is the conservation movement and who/what are some main aspects of it?

Back 22

- an environmental movement
- (all below aspects shows the desire and actions taken in order to preserve the environment)
- John Wesley Powell- writes about destruction of the environement. pushes for creation of YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 1872
- 1890-John Muir creates sierra club (an environmental club) and Yosemite National Park

Front 23

Cowboy Myth vs. Reality
a.What are the cowboys real job?
b.What is/creates the cowboy/western frontier myth?

Back 23

a. to transfer and deliver cattle to another rancher
b. Dime novels glamorize the cowboy and the west as a rugged masculine place

Front 24

what is the significance of dime novels? example?

Back 24

they glamorize the west to be a rugged place where the cowboy is masculine and always saves the day
ex. "the virginian" written by owen wister.
- portrays cowboy as a "christian knight"

Front 25

examples of real cowboys/ real western life?

Back 25

- Joseph McCoy builds stockyard in KS
-Abilene- major cattle shipping center
- William Bonney- Billy the Kid- cattle theif
- Nat Love=Deadwood Dick- a successful black cowboy

Front 26

What is the problem with Dime novels? what is the reality of the west?

Back 26

- they don't portray the reality of the West
- bad treatment of NA
- Industrialization is a main factor
- NA wars
- rugged uneasy life (cattle thieves, difficult farming)

Front 27

what happens with cattle ranchers and farmers? why?

Back 27

range wars
- ranchers thought the west was only for them to exploit as well

Front 28

how did bonanza farms come about? what were they? What was the problem?

Back 28

- the wheat boom made wheat a high priced specialty crop
- this created bonanza farms (factory like farms)
- BOOM AND BUST CYCLE
- the wheat boom collappsed- overproduction, bad weather, excessive reliance on one crop

Front 29

a.What is an Oklahoma "sooner"?
b.when was/significance of the OK land rush?

Back 29

a. sooners went onto land before it was made availiable to rushing homesteaders
b. 1889- it continues the frontier myth- demonstrates continueing power of tieing "free" land to teh ideal economic opportunity

Front 30

What is the significance of the Ghost Dance?

Back 30

- shows destruction of NA culture
- the NA way to deal with the hardships they were being faced with
- shows what little understanding white settlers had of NA life

Front 31

Analyze the Frontier Myth vs. the reality of the frontier

Back 31

myth made frontier seem like a land of opportunity (in which some ways it was)
however- in reality it was a very difficult rugged life.
- farming wasn't easy
- cattle theives
- sod huts for housing
- etc.

Front 32

a.What did the 1890 census state? b.what is the significane of this?c.what questions does this present America with?

Back 32

-a.THE FRONTIER IS CLOSED
- there are 6 people every square mile
- b.shows importance of expansion
-the fact that it is now closed shows how much America has done (we developed the frontier so much that it had to be closed)
-c.what can we do to continue expanding so that people can live out the American dream and continue America's greatness?

Front 33

What is the Frontier thesis? who wrote it? Date?

Back 33

- 1893
- Frederick Jackson Turner
- move away from europe and become more american
- explains the evolution of us as Americans.
- the frontier helps us continue expansion of exceptional characteristics
- through developing the frontier we create our own culture, institutions, etc. that make us more American
- idea that civilization=freedom(able to go to the frontier and continue freedom)
- safety-vaulve- able to go with nothing to the frontier and make something of yourself

Front 34

What is the significance of "rugged individualism"

Back 34

- used in Frontier Thesis
- allows Americans to live out the American dream
-by going out west and making something of yourself through the rugged lifestyle you are successful etc.

Front 35

idea of the frontier as a safety- value?

Back 35

- the frontier acts as a safety-value for people who struggle in the city
- this reinforces the exceptionalism of America
- idea that one is able to go to the frontier with nothing and make something of yourself
- connect to gospel of success?