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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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25. Competition, Predation, Parasitism, Mutualism and Commensalism
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A. members of 2 more species interact to gain resources
B. Member of 1 species feeds on another C. organism feeds on body of another D. interaction that benefits both E. benefits one, unaffected the other |
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26. Interspecific and Intraspecific competition
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inter- between different species
intra- between same |
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27. What does the competitive exclusion principle state?
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one species will be successful and the other will die out
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28. what are some ways that prey defend themselves against predators?
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camouflage, chemical warfare, mimicry, deceptive looks
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29. Define coevolution
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when populations of 2 different species interact over long periods of time and changes the gene pool of one can lead to the change in another
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30. What is resource partioning? How does it reduce competition with other species for resources?
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A. 2 species involve in competition, nat. selection may favor changes in one or both
B. It uses shared resources at different time places and ways Ex: warblers |
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31. What are 3 ways organisms are distributed in their environment? Why might some organisms live in clumps? What advantages might uniform dispersion provide?
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A.clumps, uniform dispersion, randoms disperson
B. clumps increase hunting effectivity and spreads work of protecting for young. Uniform is usually in places of strict competition and can stand their ground so none effects. 1 |
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32. Compare immigration and emigration
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Immigration causes populations to move to and area and increases and Emigration populations leave and decrease
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33. What are the 3 age structure groupings? what will happen to populations if most individuals are in the pre-reproductive and reproductive stages?
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Pre= 0-14
Re=15-44 Post= 35-88+ There will be alot of babies and population increase. |
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34. What is the intrinsic rate of increase? (r)
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Rate at which a population would grow if it had unlimited resources
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35. What is a limiting factor? give some examples of factors that may limit a population in size
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Things you may run out of and regulate populations
Ex: light, water space, nutrients |
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36. Define carrying capacity (K)
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Max population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely without degrading the habitat
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37. Logistic and Exponential population graphs
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Logistic= stays relatively near the carrying capacity
Exponential= Goes over CC and then crashes |
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38. What might happen to a population if they exceed K?
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Population can crash
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39. Species use different reproductive patterns to ensure their survival. Compare and recognize examples of R and K strategists.
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K= large numbers of small offspring, no parental care, high infant mortality
r= small # of large, parental care and low infant mortality |
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40. Analyze survivorship curves. Be able to make predictions about the life-history strategies of species
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refer to bottom graph
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41. Density-dependent and density-independent population controls
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DD= biotic factors such as predation, heightens with more people
DI= abitotic such as weather and pollution |
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42. Founder Effect
Demographic Bottleneck |
A- Few individuals in a population colonize new habitat that is geographically isolated from other member, face lower genetic diversity and may endanger population's stability
B- when a catastrophe occurs and only a few individuals survive. Low diversity and increase diseases |
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42.Genetic Drift
Inbreeding |
C. Random change in gene pool leads to unequal reproductive success, change frequencies of genes in the gene pool
D. Individuals in a small pop will mate with eachother, usually a dem bottleneck has occured |
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43.Stable, Cyclic, Irruptive and Irregular populaiton. What pattern to predator/prey populations generally exhibit?
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A- fluctuate slightly
B-top down or bottom up C- explode then crash to stable D- chaos or drastic weather change *Cyclic |
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44. Primary and Secondary Succession
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P- without soil. lichen and moss
S- with soil |
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45. Predict stages of succession
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lichens/moss= early succession
herbs/grasses= midsuccesional trees= late successional |
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46. Tolerance, facilitation, inhibition
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A. late succesional species unaffectred by plants at earlier stages bc aren't in competition
B. species make an area suitable for species but less suitable for itself C. Early species hinder growth of other species |
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47. inertia (persistence) and resilience
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A. abiliity of a living systen to surve moderate disturbances and resist being destroyed
B. Ability to bounce back after a disturbance |
