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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the traditional occupation on the Arabian peninsula?
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farming
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Why is Mecca an important city?
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It was a Caravan City site of Ka ba, birthplace of Muhammad.
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What caused Muhammad to conceive Islam?
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revelations
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What does Muslim mean?
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submission
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What does Islam mean?
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surrender to the will of God
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Muhammad's teachings were built upon the beliefs of what?
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Judaism and Christianity
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Why did Muhammad leave Mecca for Medina? (hijra?)
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Leaders thought he would threaten their power and prosperity (they were threatened my his popularity)
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The unified community that accepted Islam and believed that Muhammad was the"messenger of God" was called what?
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umma
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After the city of Mecca surrendered to Muhammad, he established a new state based on what?
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common religious faith
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Why was the direction of prayer focused on Mecca?
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The site of the Ka'ba chose the caliph.
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After Muhammad's death, what did the Muslim community do?
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They let Abu Bakr succeed him
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What is Muslim religious practice based on?
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Five Pillars of Islam
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What book are Muhammad's revelations from the angel compiled in?
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Quran
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The subsequent split of supporters to different caliphs, or successors, divided the umma into what two groups?
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Sunnis and Shi'ites
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Why did Muslims fight the Battle of the Camel?
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They were fighting over the position of the caliph
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Why is the martyrdom of Husayn a significant event in Muslim history?
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marks the beginning of the Shi'ism
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Who was the founder of the Umayyad Caliphate?
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Yazid, son of Nu'awiya
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What areas were brought under Muslim control under the leadership of the caliphs?
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(North Africa) Egypt, Syria, Indus Valley, Spain
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Who was the first caliphate to begin expansion outside of Arabia?
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Umar
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Where was the decline of the Umayyad dynasty due to?
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a decade of growing unrest among non-Arab Muslim who determined access to political power
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Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age?"
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created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad
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Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, why did Abbasid power decline?
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the caliphs found it impossible to maintain control over vast territory
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After failing to reform the government and military, what did the Abbasid Caliphate fall under the influence of?
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Buyid family of Northern Iran
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What caused Umayyad Spain to develop a distinctive Islamic culture?
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blending Roman, Germanic, and Jewish, Arab, Berber traditions
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Why did the rulers of al-Andalus Spain finally take the title of caliph in 929?
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Abd al-Rahman declared new Fatimid ruler in Tunisia
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Under Islamic leadership, what did the Jewish people of Spain do?
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contributed to the cultural growth of Spain as great thinkers and writers
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Who were the ulama?
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muslim religious scholars
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The following statements can be made about the rule of the Seljuk Empire:
a. When did they rule the Middle East? b. What happened to the irrigation & canal systems? c. What did Seljuk leaders not get involved in? d. What happened to cities? |
a. the first crusade
b. it deteriorated c. internal religious fighting d. shrank and lost population |
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What led to Byzantine power being significantly diminished by the Seljuks?
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Battle of Manzi Kert
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The foundation of Islamic civilization is the Shari'a known as what?
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Law of Islam
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What is the great vision of the Shari'a?
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one umma with common moral values, mini mazing ethic and political divisions
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What was the leading motivation for unification if the Muslims?
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to fight against the crusades
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What statements can be made about Muslim women?
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inherit and own property, divorce and remarry, testify in court, go on pilgrimage, birth control, adopted the custom of veiling.
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Why is Sufism significant?
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a quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training.
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