8th Century Essay

Improved Essays
The tension between the Islamic world and Western civilization was not a spontaneous incident. Rather, it would be a series of developments spanning the length of nearly an entire millennia which would eventually form today’s crisis between the Western world and the Middle East. In this presentation, I will share the key developments over history in this ongoing crisis crisis.

The concept of wars fought over differences in religion, or holy wars, is not a particularly new idea. Since the dawn of time, various groups with opposing viewpoints have commonly struggled to spread their own influence over each other. Such examples of holy war include the Crusades, the Spanish Inquisition, and of course, the highly controversial “modern-day” jihad.
…show more content…
The preeminent motive of the First Crusade was to reclaim the Holy Land of Jerusalem from Turkish Muslims.

The crusaders were successful in this aspect, yet in the process massacred vast numbers of Muslim and Jewish inhabitants of Jerusalem. As you may imagine, this did not fare so well with the Muslim community.

Continuing on our timeline, we arrive at the period of the roots of the Spanish Reconquista in the 8th century. Called the “reconquest”, the motive of the Reconquista was to oust the Muslim Moorish rulers from Spain and restore the Iberian peninsula to Christian rule.

Shortly after the successful Reconquista, the newly consolidated Christian kingdom initiated the Spanish inquisition in the 15th century, During this period, Muslims as well as Jews were forced to either leave Spain or convert to Christianity.

Skipping ahead, After the defeat of the Central Powers in WWI, parts of the Ottoman Empire were taken over by the French and the British. The boundaries of the newly formed French and British territories, called “mandates,” were poorly drawn without regard to differences in ethnicity and religion of the colonized

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Sephardic Jews are Jews who are from Middle Eastern countries, including Spain, Portugal, North Africa, Syria and more. They are now spread out all over the world, and this is because of the Spanish expulsion inquisition, when all Jews were expelled from Spain. The Jews in Spain experienced a normal life, up until the increase of Anti - Semitism which led to the Expulsion and the Inquisition. The word Sephardic comes from the word Sephrad, which means Spain in Spanish. Sephardic Jews are those who have immigrated from countries in the middle east such as Spain, Morocco, Portugal and North Africa.…

    • 637 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Elhadji M Gueye HIST285B Kent F Schull 11/24/2015 Essay Prompt # 2 During the nineteenth century, the Islamic world encountered what is called the modern world system which presented the integration of the entire globe in term of economic, social, political and cultural changes. The integration between different nations led to the European imperialism in the Islamic world(Egger, 315). As the Ottoman Empire was getting weaker the Europeans took advantage of the ottoman territory because they surpassed the Ottoman Empire in term of military and economic might(PowerPoint).…

    • 1320 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The First Crusade was a conflict between the Christians of Western Europe and the Muslims of Jerusalem. The Crusade was initiated in 1095 by Pope Urban II in response to the Byzantine emperor's call for help defending against the invading Seljuk Turks. On November 27, 1095, in Clermont, France, Pope Urban II called for a crusade both to help the Byzantines defend the Turks and to conquer Jerusalem. From the First Crusade, Europe made great economical gains. Europe benefited from the First Crusade more economically than religiously, which was not the goal of Pope Urban II.…

    • 892 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Pope Urban II Council of Clermont 1095-9 Pope Urban II was in France, his native land, when he called the first crusade in the closing of the Council of Clermont 1095 on the 27th of November . It is a rare occasion when the pope leaves Italy, so this was a momentous time in itself already. Pope Urban II sanctioned the crusade because he had received a letter from Alexios I Komnenos whom is the Byzantine emperor from the Eastern Christendom pleading for help because the Turks were advancing fast into their heartland after already taking over several outlying cities . With no hesitation Urban began to desperately preach to all willing crusaders in December 1095 and with the help of other preachers a like he convinced many to rise and fight for their churches and holy cities.…

    • 1026 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    The roots of this ongoing struggle of power between Christianity and Islam have left both religions in a state of endless antipathy. Perhaps the factors that prompted First Crusade can be seen…

    • 2031 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Spanish Inquisition is a period of time in Spain when the Catholic Church and the king and queen decided to torture innocent civilians to keep people in the church and believing in their faith. They thought they were being godly. The torture methods they used on the innocent people they considered sinners decreased the population of people in Spain trying to save their souls. The Spanish Inquisition happened between the 12th century and the 19th century. It went on for about three hundred and fifty years until it was outlawed and banned around the 20th century.…

    • 515 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “God wills it!” was the cry of thousands of Christian warriors as they began the two hundred year battle with the Muslims to take back what they believed was their Holy Land. The Muslims had taken control of this land and put an end to Christian pilgrimages. This incited the furor of Pope Urban II, who declared the war which became known as The Crusades. The long course of this battle greatly affected medieval Europe and its civilization, and continues to stir up conflict and controversy in our world today, as well as dangers to the world if an event like this were to happen again.…

    • 567 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Suleiman was also known as the lawgiver and the laws he created worked successfully to better rule his empire. Suleiman worked on new ideas that strengthened his government and military, but also addressed taxation and the treatment of peasants. Suleiman changed laws so that people were paid for their services, established a simpler taxation policy, and established new rules regarding crime and punishment. Because of his fair systems of laws, Suleiman was known as a great legislator, who made his empire a place of personal freedom and security for his subjects for his subjects. For his subjects for his subjects for his subjects Suleiman and the Ottoman Empire were also very successful because of his ideas and practices of religious tolerance.…

    • 680 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The First Crusade, also the most successful, began with the speech of Pope Urban II at Clermont on 27 November 1095, and was initially a response to the request for armed aid against the Turks made by the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I. However, its purpose quickly shifted and it in turn became the largest mass pilgrimage of the eleventh century, though it differed from all the others in once crucial respect, in that it was, at the same time, a war, one set against what was by some referred to as the ‘savagery of the Saracens’. Though there is a certain level of difficulty in defining what a crusade was in regards to the use of the word by the medieval people , a related question that gives a substantial amount of insight into what constituted a crusade involves the motivations that the knightly elite who answered Urban II’s call to arms had for taking the cross.…

    • 1914 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    It is important not to overlook the fact that in the Medieval period the people of Western Europe were extremely devout, with a great fear of sin and, more importantly, of hell. The conventional crusader, unlike famous leaders and royal warriors like Bohemond of Taranto who did have significant political and economic motives, was a person determined to get to Jerusalem, prepared to die on the way, and above all looking to secure his place in the kingdom of heaven. To get closer to understanding the truth about the crusaders’ motives it is important to try and understand the religious culture of 11th century Christendom, why they felt the need to leave when they did, and the type of individuals who made up the giant force that set out for the Holy Lands. It was a combination of these factors that led to the First Crusade and gave the first crusading armies a unique single-mindedness and tenacity, which was necessary to take Jerusalem in…

    • 2406 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The author indicates how dissimilar the commonly written books about the Crusade war by most Western writers are in regards to that war. The book summarizes almost 200 years of the Crusade war into 293 pages by noting and quoting different sources from the Arab authors and eyewitnesses. It is not only detailed but also mentions different perspectives, hence a significant revelation for the general audience. The aim of this paper is to discuss and remark on these diverse viewpoints as explained by Amin Maalouf, including reviewing the book and showing how it influences the readers. At the beginning of the Crusade, Arabs were caught unawares by the religious zealotry by the Christians.…

    • 753 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Umayyad Imperialism Essay

    • 401 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Throughout the course of history, oppression and prejudice often characterize the trend of imperialism. Although colonialism may produce the growth of an empire, it is usually at the cost of the indigenous. Despite this, native minorities in the Iberian Peninsula maintained hope that the Islamic Empire would benefit their situation, an expectation that the Muslim conquerors soon fulfilled. Beginning an age of Iberian prosperity and establishing a flourishing empire, the Umayyad imperialism of Hispania in the early eighth century was justified as it led to social and political stability, cultural accomplishment, and an urban growth that greatly strengthened the peninsula.…

    • 401 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The obscured Spanish inquisition took place from the years of 1478 through 1834. Isabella I of Castile and Fernando II of Aragon established this rule to overthrow the previous Medieval Inquisition. In connection of overthrowing the Medieval inquisition, the current Monarchs Isabella I and Ferdinand II of Aragon became suspicious of the Crypto-Jews. Crypto Jews were Jews who "converted" to Catholicism but were secrectly practicing Judaism. Not only was this inquisition intended to overthrow the Medieval Inquisition but also guide those converting from Islam and Judaism.…

    • 559 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    According to the first four accounts by Fulcher of Chartres, Robert the Monk, Baldric of Dol and Guibert of Nogent in chapter two of The Crusades: A Reader Pope Urban II called upon all of the Christians (the wealthy, the poor, knights, farmers, father, son) in Europe and neighboring regions to come together as one force and to travel to the Jerusalem (The Holy Land) to take it back from the wicked and sinful who have apprehended it and take it back from those who oppose Christianity. Though the accounts of the four individuals mentioned above differ from one another all four do relate in the way that the say to stop the fighting and warfare among one another and to take anger and hatred and use it to defeat these infidels who have slain many…

    • 797 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The First Crusade was a military excursion made by Western European Christians, known as ‘Franks’ in the late eleventh century. The maintained aim of the Crusade was to recover sacred…

    • 812 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays