Ap Literature - Poetry Terms

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antithesis

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a direct contrast of structurally parallel word groupings, generally for the purpose of contrast

Hint 1

ex. sing or swim

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caesura

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a break or pause in a line of poetry; may be introduced by a punctuation mark or may be a natural, rhetorical pause

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cadence

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a natural rhythm above and beyond a formal one; rhythmic movement in verse

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blank verse

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unrhymed iambic pentameter

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dramatic monologue

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a type of LYRIC POETRY in which a lengthy speech is given by a single person

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elegy

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elaborately formal lyric poem lamenting the death of a person, the decline of a situation, or reflecting seriously on a solemn subject

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epic

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1) a long, verse narrative on a serious subject
2) told in a formal and elevated style,
3) centered on the heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a nation
4) the central character usually embodies the values of a particular society
5) usually telling of heroic deeds,events, or historic importance, or religious or mythological object

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epigram

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a brief, witty, pointed comment; often a brief poem

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epitaph

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a form of words in verse or prose suited for inscription on a tomb

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epithet

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an adjectival phrase used to set apart and describe a person, place, thing or event

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figurative language

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language employing figures of speech (such as simile, metaphor, etc.); language that makes comparisons or associations meant to be interpreted imaginatively, not literally

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figure of speech

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use or arrangement of words for special effects; any way of saying something other than the ordinary way; describes one thing in terms of something else

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foot

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metrical division, usually consisting of one accented syllable and all unaccented syllables associated with it; the number or feet in a line are used to determine the meter

-iambic
-trochaic
-anapestic
-dactylic
-spondaic
-pyrrhic

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iambic

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unstressed stressed

U /

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trochaic

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stressed unstressed

/ U

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anapestic

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unstressed unstressed stressed

U U /

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dactylic

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stressed unstressed unstressed

/ U U

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spondaic

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stressed stressed

/ /

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pyrrhic

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unstressed unstressed

U U

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free verse

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poetry without standard meter or rhyme, but rhythmical arrangement or lines for effect

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heroic couplet

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a (rhyming) couplet written in iambic pentameter

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imagery

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words or phrases that uses description to create pictures or images in the reader's mind; the representation through language of sense experience; WRITING THAT APPEALS TO THE SENSES

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irony
(3 kinds)

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-verbal irony
-situational irony
-dramatic irony

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verbal irony

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saying one thing while meaning the opposite. its purpose is usually to criticize

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situational irony

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when a situation turns out differently from what one would normally expect- though often the twist is oddly appropriate

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dramatic irony

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when a character says or does something that has more or different meaning from what he thinks it means, though the audience and/or other characters do understand the full ramifications of the speech or action

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leitmotif

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the frequent repetition of a significant verbal phrase, set description, or complex of images within a single work, the recurrence of which supports a theme

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lyric poetry

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a fairly short poem, consisting of the utterance by a single speaker, typicaly in solitude, who expresses a state of mind or a process of perception, thought, and feelings
ex. SONNETS, elegies, odes, songs

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metaphor (different kinds - 4)

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-implied
-extended
-dead
-mixed

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implied metaphor

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does not state one thing actually is some other thing

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extended metaphor

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a metaphor which is carred throughout a work or series of works

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dead metaphor

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a metaphor which is so commonpalce it has lost its impact

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meter
(8 types)

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-monometer
-dimeter
-trimeter
-tetrameter
-pentameter
-hexameter
-heptameter
-octameter

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mock epic

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approaching a trivial thing in the grand style of an epic

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octave

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eight lines of verse, specifically the first eight lines of an ITALIAN SONNET

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narrative poetry

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poetry that tells a story

ex. ballads, epic poetry, metrical romances

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ode

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form of lyric poetry characterized by giving praise or showing appreciation

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prelude

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a brief introductory poem placed before a lengthy poem

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pastoral

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a deliberately conventional poem expressing an urban poet's nostalgic image of the peace and simplicity of the life of shepherds and other rural folk in an idealized setting

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rhyme
(6 types

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-masculine
-feminine
-slant/imperfect/approximate
-internal
-end
-eye

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masculine rhyme

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rhyming words which end on an accented syllable

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feminine rhyme

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rhyming words which end on an unaccented syllable

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slant/imperfect/approximate rhyme

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final sounds are close but not the same

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internal rhyme

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rhyme within a line of poetry

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end

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rhyme at the end of a line of verse

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eye rhyme

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words whose endings are spelled alike and in most instances were once pronounced alike, but have in the course of time acquired a different pronunciation

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sestet

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six lines of poetic verse, especially the last six lines of an ITALIAN SONNET

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sestina

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six-stanza poetic form plus a three-line envoy arranged in a specific pattern

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sonnet

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lyric poem expressing one idea, with 14 lines of iambic pentameter and set rhyme scheme
-Shakespearean
-Italian

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Shakespearean/English sonnet

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three quatrains followed by a couplet; written in iambic pentameter

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Petrarchan/Italian sonnet

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an octave followed by a sestet; written in iambic pentameter

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Spenserian stanza

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a nine line stanza or poem in which the first eight lines are in iambic pentameter and the last is iambic hexameter, rhyming abab bcbc c

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tercet

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a stanza of poetry with three lines

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tone

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the writer or speaker's attitude toward the subject, the audience, or himself; the emotional coloring or meaning of the work

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villanelle

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French poetic form; two rhymes and six stanzas in a set pattern