A&p Final Review

Front 1

Frontal/ coronal plane

Back 1

Front section of the body when divided into planes

Front 2

Retroperitoneal organs
Kids Play Drums Really Bad AC DC

Back 2

Kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, rectum, bladder, ascending colon, descending colon

Front 3

Cross Section

Back 3

A tissue specimen cut along the transverse plane

Front 4

Two Main Body Cavities

Back 4

1. Anterior/ ventral cavity
2. Posterior/ dorsal cavity

Front 5

2 cavities within anterior cavity

Back 5

1. Upper thoracic cavity
2. Lower abdominopelvic cavity

Front 6

2 cavities within posterior cavity

Back 6

1. cranial
2. spinal

Front 7

9 Abdominal regions

Back 7

1. epigastric
2. umbilical
3. hypogastric
4. hypocondriac (2)
5. Lumbar (2)
6. Iliac (2)

Front 8

7 things a cell is composed of

Back 8

1. nucleus
2. mitochondria

3. ribosomes

4. centriole

5. endoplasmic reticulum

6. golgi apparatus

7. lysosomes

Front 9

Diffusion

Back 9

A process whereby gas, liquid, or solid molecules distribute themselves evenly through a membrane

higher concentration ---> lower concentration

Front 10

Osmosis

Back 10

Process of diffusion of water of another solvent through a selective permeable membrane, one through which some solutes can pass but others cannot

Front 11

Filtration

Back 11

The movement of solutes and water across a semipermeable membrane as a result of force such as gravity or blood pressure

Front 12

Active transport

Back 12

low concentration ---> high concentration

Front 13

Pinocytosis

Back 13

Cell drinking

Front 14

Main elements

Back 14

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Front 15

Ph

Back 15

0-6.9 Acid, paper will turn red
7.0 neutral

7.1-14 Bases, paper will turn blue

Front 16

Stages of mitosis

Back 16

Prophase: chromosomes condense. Spindle fibers form between centrioles, which move toward opposite poles
Metaphase: microtuble spindle apparatus attaches to chromosomes. Chromosomes align along spindle equator.

Anaphase: sister chomatids separate and move to opposite poles

Telophase: chomatids arrive at each pole, a new nuclear membrane forms. Cell division begins.

Front 17

Syndrome

Back 17

group of features

Front 18

Klinefelter's syndrome

Back 18

chromosome abnormality; penis and testicles fail to mature fully. Caused by one or more extra X chromosome.

Front 19

Talipes

Back 19

Clubfoot

Front 20

Turner's syndrome

Back 20

Affects newborn females; short stature, webbing of the neck, a low hairline, a wide chest with broadly spaced nipples, poor breast development, and underdevelopment of the genitalia

Front 21

4 main types of tissue

Back 21

1. Epithelial (covers the surface of the body)
2. Connective
3. Muscle

4. Nerve

Front 22

2 main divisions of nervous system

Back 22

1. central nervous system (CNS)

2. peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Front 23

schwann cells

Back 23

form a tight protective covering called the myelin sheath

Front 24

2 coverings of a neuron

Back 24

1. Myelin sheath
2. Neurilemma

Front 25

Peripheral nervous system includes how many nerves?

Back 25

12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Front 26

Ganglion

Back 26

The bulge on the posterior root containing the sensory nerve cell bodies

Front 27

2 divisions of the autonomic system

Back 27

The autonomic system "fight or flight" is part of the peripheral nervous system

1. Sympathetic division, accelerates
2. Parasympathetic division, slows down

Front 28

Fissures

Back 28

ridges and furrows that are deep that cover the brain

Front 29

Longitudinal fissure

Back 29

deep furrows and fold that divide the brain into two hemispheres

Front 30

Sulci

Back 30

Shallow ridges that cover the brain

Front 31

Convolutions

Back 31

elevated ridges between the sulci

Front 32

Lobes of Cerebrum

Back 32

1. frontal lobe: emotions, personality
2. occipital lobe: optic nerve, sight
3. parietal lobe: speech
4. termporal lobe: auditory

Front 33

Brainstem

Back 33

medulla oblongata: autonomic nervous system

pons: breathing, chewing, tasting, and saliva
midbrain: reflexes for eyes

Front 34

3 layers that make up the meninges

Back 34

1. pia mater (delicate)
2. arachnoid (middle)

3. dura mater (outer)

Front 35

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Back 35

a brain wave test that measures the brains electrical signal, both normal and abnormal

Front 36

Myelography

Back 36

Instilled a dye to outline the spinal structures on x-ray

Front 37

Types of epilepsy

Back 37

Petit mal: seizures that are of short duration and mild

Grand mal: last up to 5 min w/ convulsions, loss of control of bodily functions, and unconsciousness

Front 38

Meningitis

Back 38

Characterized by high fever, chills, headache, vomiting, and specifically by positive Brudzinski's and Kernig's signs

Front 39

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Back 39

characterized by symptoms such as double vision, slurred speech, dizziness, staggering gait, weakness, numbness, and falling.

warning sign of impending thrombotic CVA (Stroke)

Front 40

Bones that make up middle ear

Back 40

Malleus (hammer)

Incus (anvil)

Stapes (stirrup)

Front 41

Accommodation

Back 41

Focusing of lens for near or far vision by ciliary body

Front 42

7 senses of touch

Back 42

1. cold
2. heat

3. pain

4. pressure

5. tickle

6. touch

7. traction

Front 43

Meniere's disease

Back 43

characterized by the severe vertigo and tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

Front 44

Candidiasis

Back 44

fungal infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth or throat. Cream color or white patches that can't be scrapped off (thrush)

Front 45

5 important functions of the skin

Back 45

1. protection

2. perception

3. temp control

4. absorption

5. excretion

Front 46

Alopecia

2 types

Back 46

loss of hair

1. scarring alopecia, irreversible

2. nonscarring alopecia, usually reversible

Front 47

Furnuncles

Back 47

boils

Front 48

Carbuncles

Back 48

begin as a nodule, then enlarges to involve several adjacent hair follicles

Front 49

Herpes zoster

Back 49

shingels

Front 50

Impetigo

Back 50

contagious, superficial skin infection that is usually seen in young children

Front 51

3 types of pediculosis

Back 51

1. capitis, head lice

2. corporis, body lice

3. pubis, pubic lice

Front 52

Scabies

Back 52

Skin infestation is caused by the itch mite, condition is worst at night

Front 53

Urticaria

Back 53

Self-limiting reaction to allergens.

produces raised wheals surrounded by a reddened area (hives)

Front 54

Vertebrae of spine

Back 54

7 cervical vertebrae

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

sacrum

coccyx

Front 55

Fractures of bone

Back 55

1. greenstick (incomplete)

2. closed (simple, complete)

3. open (compound)

4. impacted (pushed into each other)

5. comminuted (small pieces)

6. spiral (around the bone)

Front 56

6 functions of the skeleton

Back 56

1. support the body

2. provide framework

3. serve to protect the body's vital organs

4. bones are the points of attachment for skeletal muscles

5. give shape to the body

6. formation of the red and white blood cells and the platelets

Front 57

articulation

Back 57

the place where two or more bony parts join together

Front 58

Osteoarthiritis

Back 58

progressive deterioration of joint cartilage

Front 59

Gout

Back 59

associated with another disease, such as leukemia or because of cell destruction by chemotherapy (elevated uric acid in blood)

Front 60

Epicondylitis

Back 60

inflammation of the forearm extensor tendon at its attachment to the humerus

Tennis elbow

Front 61

Subluxation

Back 61

partial or incomplete dislocation of the articulating surfaces at the joints