Ap Biology Gilbby 3

Front 1

Locomotion in chordates may be described as the interaction between

Back 1

an endoskeleton and muscles

Front 2

Biologically similar organisms have similar DNA and proteins. This statement supports the concept of

Back 2

organic evolution

Front 3

Embryos of fish, chickens, and pigs have gill slits and a tail. The presence of these features suggests that

Back 3

these animals may have had a common ancestor

Front 4

To communicate between cells, many multicellular animals use

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nerve signals and hormones

Front 5

Sheep and pigs have more enzymes in common than sheep and frogs do. This finding may indicate that

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sheep are most closely related to pigs than to frogs.

Front 6

In a human female, what is the most direct result of te presence of the hormone FSH?

Back 6

development of the ovarian follicle

Front 7

Which pair of structures are homologous?

Back 7

bones in the front leg of a dog and bones in the wing of a bat

Front 8

Beak structures differ between individuals of one species of bird. These differences most likely indicate

Back 8

the presence of a variety of food sources

Front 9

The bones in the forelimbs of three mammals are shown below. For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicate that they may have

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developed from the same earlier species

Front 10

Which organism lacks a specialized transport system?

Back 10

hydra

Front 11

Which sequence best represents the pathway of a gas as it passes from the atmosphere into a leaf?

Back 11

stomata- air space- spongy cell

Front 12

Which is a characteristic of an animal?

Back 12

heterotrophic

Front 13

Which animal is capable of reproducing asexually?

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hydra

Front 14

In flowering pants, the ripened ovary develops into a

Back 14

fruit

Front 15

Vascular tissue that transports water in leaves connects directly to

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xylem in the stem

Front 16

In trees, shrubs, and other woody plants, the exchange of CO2 and O2 with the environment may occur through structures known as

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lenticels

Front 17

After several days near a window, a house plant began to grow toward the window. This growth pattern occurred because auxins

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stimulated the growth of cells on the dark side of the plant

Front 18

Sugars are transported from the leaves to the roots of a plant in the

Back 18

phloem tubes

Front 19

Which organisms possesses a single opening which functions as a mouth for the ingestion of food and also as an anus for the elimination of undigested materials?

Back 19

Hydra

Front 20

In sexual reproduction, the 2n chromosome number is restored as a direct result of

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fertilization

Front 21

Which species is most likely to survive changing environment conditions

Back 21

a species that reproduces sexually

Front 22

A single pair of goldfish in an aquarium produced a large number of offspring. These offspring showed variations in body shape and coloration. The most likely explanation for these variations is that the

Back 22

offspring were produced from different combinations of genes

Front 23

Decomposition and decay of organic natter are accomplished by an action of

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bacteria and fungi

Front 24

Bacteria of decay are important components of an ecosystem because they

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recycle organic matter

Front 25

Differences in the bone arrangements support the hypothesis that these organisms

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have adaptations to survive in different environments

Front 26

"Dolly" is a sheep developed from an egg cell of her mother that had its nucleus replaced by a nucleus from a body cell of her mother. As a result of this technique, Dolly is

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genetically identical to her mother

Front 27

Which is an important adaptation for reproduction among land animals?

Back 27

fertilization of gametes within the body of the female

Front 28

Unfertilized eggs of a frog can be made to undergo cleavage if the eggs are pricked with a needle. This type of development is known as

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parthenogenesis

Front 29

Which is a characteristic that all protists share?

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They all live in liquid water.

Front 30

Which process is used by animals to remove ingested foods that can not be digested?

Back 30

egestion

Front 31

A blockage of the spiracles in a grasshopper would first affect the ability of the grasshopper to

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exchange gases

Front 32

Which substances are necessary for the synthesis of most materials in an organism?

Back 32

enzymes

Front 33

Fungi, such as bread mold, use a method of digestion that is described as

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chemical and extracellular

Front 34

Which organisms lack a respiratory system ad exchange respiratory gases through thin, moist membranes directly with the environment?

Back 34

monerans, protists, and fungi

Front 35

Certain bacteria produce a chemical that makes them resistant a penicillin. Since these bacteria reproduce asexually, they usually produce offspring that

Back 35

survive exposure to penicillin

Front 36

Some deep-sea bacteria live near submerged volcanoes and make their own food using energy derived from minerals coming from the volcanoes This would classified as

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autotrophic

Front 37

Bacteria that can survive without oxygen are described as

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anaerobic

Front 38

Which statement illustrates how human activities can most directly change the dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem?

Back 38

A hurricane causes a stream to overflow its banks.

Front 39

Which substances are metabolic waste products excreted by animals?

Back 39

water, urea, and carbon dioxide

Front 40

The bones in the wing of a bird, the flipper of a whale, and the arm of a human are considered by many scientists to be

Back 40

homologous structures

Front 41

Because turkey vultures feed mainly on animals that they have not killed, they are known as

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scavengers

Front 42

After a rabbit population reaches the carrying capacity of its habitat, the population of rabbits will most likely

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alternately increase and decrease

Front 43

Variation in the offspring of sexually reproducing organisms is the direct results of

Back 43

sorting and recombining of genes

Front 44

_______ is when the larva appears similar to the adult insect, but goes through a series of molt's until it reaches the adult stage.

Back 44

gradual metamorphosis

Front 45

What is a dihybred cross?

Back 45

When two traits are linked, both traits are heterozygous and crossed with another dihybred or the same traits.

Front 46

Which factor has the greatest influence on the variety of species that survive in different regions of a marine habitat?

Back 46

depth of light penetration

Front 47

What is the role of bacteria and fungi in an ecosystem?

Back 47

to recycle waste materials

Front 48

Organisms that have the ability to use an atmospheric gas to produce an organic nutrient are known as

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autotrophs

Front 49

Which organism has a type of nutrition most similar to that of animals?

Back 49

fungus

Front 50

What would most likely happen if most of the bacteria and fungi were removed from an ecosystem?

Back 50

Nutrients resulting from decomposition would be reduced.

Front 51

______ is when the larva appears similar to the adult insect, but goes through a series of molts until it reaches the adult stage.

Back 51

gradual metamorphosis

Front 52

The carrying capacity of a given environment is least dependent upon

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daily temperature fluctuations

Front 53

Which practice would most likely deplete a nonrenewable natural resource?

Back 53

burning coal to generate electricity in a powerplant

Front 54

The cells of an individual contain 47 chromosomes. This number of chromosomes could cause the condition known as

Back 54

Down syndrome

Front 55

The energy found in ATP molecules synthesized in animal cells comes directly from

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organic molecules

Front 56

"natural ecosystems provide an array of basic processes that affect humans." Which statement does NOT support this question?

Back 56

Treated sewage is less damaging to the environment than untreated sewage.

Front 57

Changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere that may produce acid rain are most closely associated with

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industrial smoke stack emissions

Front 58

One way to help provide suitable environments for future generations is to urge individuals to

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apply ecological principles when making decisions that will have environmental impact

Front 59

A new island formed by volcanic action may eventually become populated with biotic communities as a result of

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the process of ecological succession

Front 60

Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function?

Back 60

ribosome- synthesis of proteins

Front 61

Marine sponges contain a biological catalyst that blocks a certain step in the separation of chromosomes. Which cellular process would be directly affected by this catalyst?

Back 61

mitosis

Front 62

Sperm cells have a monoploid number of chromosomes (n) rather than a diploid number of chromosomes (2n) as a result of the process of

Back 62

meiosis

Front 63

Which statement best describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins?

Back 63

Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins.

Front 64

Which sequence of terms represents decrease from the greatest number of structures to the least number of structures present in a cell?

Back 64

gene-chromosome-nucleus

Front 65

Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal sequence of

Back 65

bases

Front 66

Genes carried only on an X-chromosome are said to be

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sex-linked

Front 67

In fruit flies, red eye color (R) is dominant and white eye color (r) is recessive. The allele for eye color is carried on the X-chromosome, Which cross would most likely produce 50% white-eyed males and 50% red-eyes males?

Back 67

X^R X^r x X^rY

Front 68

Decomposers are important in the environment because they

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convert large molecules into simpler molecules that can be recycled

Front 69

An environment can support only as many organisms as the available energy, minerals, and oxygen will allow. Which term is best described by this statement?

Back 69

carrying capacity

Front 70

Which animal has modified ecosystems more than any other animal and has had the greatest negative impact on world ecosystems?

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human

Front 71

External fertilization occurs most often in

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fish and amphibians

Front 72

A man lifts wights and develops large arm muscles. His son has larger muscles than his father has at the same age. According to Lamarck's theory, this situation is due to

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inheritance of acquired characteristics

Front 73

In a species of plant, the sudden appearance of one plant with a different leaf structure would most likely be the result of

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chromosomal mutations

Front 74

A condition by the lack of an enzyme needed to metabolize a specific amino acid is known as

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phenylketonuria

Front 75

Which condition would mos likely upset the stability of an ecosystem?

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a greater mass of animals than plants

Front 76

In grasshoppers and humans, locomotion is accomplished by means of

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the interaction of muscles and jointed appendages

Front 77

For a natural ecosystem to be self-sustaining many essential chemical elements must be

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cycled between organisms and the environment

Front 78

What would most likely occur after an ecosystem is disrupted by fire?

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The ecosystem would be eventually return to its original state.

Front 79

The chemical synthesis area most likely contains

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enzymes necessary for carbon-fixation reactions

Front 80

Identify one process that a producer can accomplish that a carnivore cannot accomplish.

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photosynthesis

Front 81

Scientists have cloned sheep but have NOT yet cloned a human. The best explanation for this situation is that

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there are many ethical problems involved in cloning humans

Front 82

The size of a mouse population in a natural ecosystem tends to remain relatively constant due to

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the carrying capacity of the environment

Front 83

Some mammals have genes for fur color that produce pigment only when the outside temperature is above a certain level. This pigment production is an example of how the environment of organism can

Back 83

influence the expression of certain genes

Front 84

Most of the hereditary information that determines the traits of an organisms is located in

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the nuclei of body cells of an individual

Front 85

Darwin observed in the Galapagos islands 14 distinct varieties of finches. Each finch variety ate a different type of food and lived in a slightly different habitat from the other finches. Darwin concluded that the finches all shared a common ancestor but had developed different beak structures. The 14 varieties of finches are most likely the result of

Back 85

biological evolution

Front 86

Charles darwin observed in the Galapagos islands 14 distinct varieties of finches. Each finch variety ate a different type of food and lived in a slightly different habitat from the other finches. Darwin concluded that the finches all shared a common ancestor but had developed different beak structures. The second sentence best describes

Back 86

a niche

Front 87

Darwin observed in the Galapagos Islands 14 distinct varieties of finches. Each finch variety ate a different type of food and lived in a slightly different habitat from the other finches. Darwin concluded that the finches all shared a common ancestor but had developed different beak structures. The different beak structures were most likely by

Back 87

selection for favorable variations

Front 88

Animals can not synthesize nutrients from inorganic raw materials. Therefore, animals obtain their nutrients

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consuming preformed organic compounds

Front 89

The end-product of aerobic respiration are

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carbon dioxide and water

Front 90

Which statement best explains why invertebrates regenerate lost tissue more readily than most vertebrates do?

Back 90

Invertebrate animals have more undifferentiated cells than vertebrate animals have.

Front 91

Some weed killers, insecticides, and food additives alter the DNA of certain cells. Because of this effect, these substances are known as

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mutagens

Front 92

Using special enzymes, scientists have successfully removed the gene that controls the production of interferon and have inserted this gene into the DNA of certain bacteria. These bacteria can now produce interferon. This technique is known as

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genetic engineering

Front 93

What are the normal chromosome numbers of a sperm, egg, and zygote, respectively?

Back 93

monoploid, monoploid, diploid

Front 94

A mutation may be passed on to future generations if it occurs within specialized cells of the

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ovary

Front 95

Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose?

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photosynthesis

Front 96

The equation below represents a summary of a biological process:

carbon dioxide + water ----- glucose + water + oxygen

This process is completed in

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chloroplasts

Front 97

By which process is the potential energy of organic molecules transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells?

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respiration

Front 98

Which occurs during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

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water molecules are split.

Front 99

The synthesis of carbohydrates occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. This process uses energy supplied by

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ATP

Front 100

A student is investigating the internal organs of an earthworm. Which piece of equipment should the student use to move the intestine aside without damaging it?

Back 100

a dissecting needle

Front 101

Two primary agents of cellular communication are

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hormones and chemicals made by nerve cells

Front 102

Chromosomes can be described as

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colled strands of genetic material

Front 103

All life depends on the availability of usable energy. This energy is released when

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cells carry out the process of respiration

Front 104

Which activity is illustrated of an ameoba shown below?

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ingestion

Front 105

A chewing insect damages the vascular tissue of a plant stem. This damage will most directly affect the

Back 105

synthesis of auxins in the roots

Front 106

Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of cells in the stems of plants?

Back 106

They carry on respiration and exchange gases through lenticels.

Front 107

Leaves at the top of a giant redwood tree receive water from the

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vascular tissue in the branches, trunk, and roots.

Front 108

Gases move into intercellular spaces in leaves through openings known as

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stomates

Front 109

The meristematic tissue layer responsible for growth in the diameter of a stem is known as the

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cambium

Front 110

The mass of some corn plants at the end of their growth period was 6 tons per acre Most of this mass was produced from

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water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air

Front 111

Which organelle in the cell represented below is the sire of autotrophic nutrition?

Back 111

chloroplasts

Front 112

Most of the starch stored in the cells of a potato is composed of molecules that originally entered these cells as

Back 112

simple sugars

Front 113

Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell of a parent, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?

Back 113

half as many

Front 114

Which structure that is not found in a bacterial cell?

Back 114

golgi bodies

Front 115

In the grasshopper and earthworm, the efficiency of food absorption is increased by the presence of

Back 115

infolds, which add surface area to the digestive tube

Front 116

The hydra and the amoeba are similar in that both organisms

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eliminate ammonia and carbon dioxide through the cell membrane.

Front 117

The tracheal tubes of grasshoppers, the moist skin of earthworms, and the alveoli of humans are structural adaptations that aid in

Back 117

aerobic respiration

Front 118

Which statement regarding respiration is correct?

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All living organisms carry out some form of respiration.

Front 119

The process of meiotic cell division in a human male usually forms

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four monoploid cells

Front 120

Which type of model provides the most complete representation of the feeding relationships within a community?

Back 120

a food web

Front 121

Which substance, acted on by A in the cycle, would most likely be included in the area labeled "wastes"

Back 121

urea

Front 122

Which human activity would most likely have a positive impact on the environment?

Back 122

using parasites for biological control of pets to increase crop yields.