Ap Biology Gilbby 2

Front 1

Synthesis of a detective protein may result from an alteration in

Back 1

a base sequence code

Front 2

Which instrument would most appropriate to use to observe where the Malpighian tubules attach to the to the digestive system of a grasshopper?

Back 2

dissecting microscope

Front 3

The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in

Back 3

a nucleus

Front 4

Meiosis and fertilization are important for the survival of many species because these two processes result in

Back 4

genetic variability of offspring

Front 5

Which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is NOT correct?

Back 5

The cell membrane forms a barrier that keeps all substances that might harm a cell from entering the cell

Front 6

In most simple multicellular plants and in hydra, transport throughout the organism is a result of diffusion through

Back 6

cell membrane

Front 7

Which structure is best observed using a compound light microscope?

Back 7

a cell

Front 8

Diagrams, tables, and graphs are used by scientists mainly to

Back 8

organize data

Front 9

A solution of glucose and yeast was placed in a vacuum bottle as shown below. The temperature of the yeast-glucose solution increased over time, and the color of the indicator was recorded. The purpose of the investigation was most likely to demonstrate

Back 9

the release of energy by the chemical process

Front 10

A marble was placed in a graduated cylinder containing milliliters of water. The diagram below illustrates the new level of water. What is the volume of the marble?

Back 10

42 mL

Front 11

A slide of human blood cells was observed in focus under the low-power objective of a compound light microscope that had clean lenses. When the microscope was switched to high power, the image was dark and fuzzy. Which parts of the microscope should be used to correct this situation?

Back 11

diaphragm and fine adjustment

Front 12

A student formulated a hypothesis that cotton will grow larger bolls (pods) if magnesium is added to the soil. The student has two experimental fields of cotton, one with magnesium and one without. Which data should be collected to support this hypothesis?

Back 12

Diameter of the cotton bolls in both fields

Front 13

To separate leaf pigments, a biologist should use

Back 13

chromatography

Front 14

Why do scientists consider hypothesis valuable?

Back 14

A hypothesis may lead to further investigation even if it is disproved by the experiment

Front 15

Studies of fat cells and thyroid cells show that fat cells have fewer mitochondria than thyroid cells. A biologist would most likely infer that fat tissue

Back 15

requires less energy than thyroid tissue

Front 16

A biologist reported success in breeding a tiger with a lion, producing healthy offspring. Other biologists will accept this report as fact only if

Back 16

other researchers can replicate the experiment

Front 17

Which piece of equipment would most likely be used to separate organelles from a mixture of crushed cells?

Back 17

ultracentrifuge

Front 18

A student views a wet mount of a specimen with the low-power objective of a compound light microscope. After the student switches to high power, which procedure would most likely produce a better view of the specimen?

Back 18

Increasing the amount of light by adjusting the diaphragm

Front 19

When heating a solution in a test tube, a student should

Back 19

wear goggles

Front 20

The diagram below represents a thermometer that is inside of incubator. A student needs to incubate a bacterial culture at 43 degrees C. According to the reading on the thermometer, how many degrees must the temperature in the incubator be increased to reach this temperature?

Back 20

6

Front 21

In a cell, information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to the

Back 21

ribosomes

Front 22

A new chemical was discovered and introduced into a culture containing one species of bacteria. Within a day, most of the bacteria were dead, but a few remained alive. Which statement best explains why some of the bacteria survived?

Back 22

They had a genetic variation that gave them to resistance to the chemical.

Front 23

Lichens are composed of two organisms, a fungus that cannot make its own food ad algae that contain chlorophyll. Which is the role of that algae component of a lichen in an ecosystem?

Back 23

producer

Front 24

Which organisms would most likely be found at level A?

Back 24

algae

Front 25

The use of bio-remediation by humans to treat industrial wastes is an example of

Back 25

solving a problem by speeding up natural processes

Front 26

An individual possess two identical genes for a certain trait. For this trait, the individual is said to be

Back 26

homozygous

Front 27

Euglena, a single celled organism, is able to carry out

Back 27

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Front 28

Two food chains are represented below:

Food chain A: aquatic plant-insect-frog-hawk

Food chain B: grass-rabbit-hawk

Decomposers are important for supplying energy for

Back 28

neither food chain A nor food chain B

Front 29

Worms that had been invaded by bacteria were eaten by a species of bird. Many of these birds died as a result. The most likely explanation for this is that the

Back 29

bacteria interfered with normal life functions of the birds

Front 30

Which statement describes a role of fungi in an ecosystem?

Back 30

They recycle chemicals from dead organisms.

Front 31

Microorganisms that require oxygen to survive are described as

Back 31

aerobic

Front 32

A fungus is an example of

Back 32

a saprophyte

Front 33

For which organic compounds must information be encoded in DNA for green plants to synthesis the other three compounds?

Back 33

proteins

Front 34

Compared to human cells resulting from mitotic cell division, human cells resulting from meiotic cell division would have

Back 34

one-half the number of chromosomes

Front 35

Which activity most directly involves the process represented in the diagram below?

Back 35

an animal repairing damaged tissue

Front 36

As a human red blood cell matures, it loses its nucleus. As a result of this loss, a mature red blood cell lacks the ability to

Back 36

carry out cell division

Front 37

Hereditary information is stored inside the

Back 37

nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes

Front 38

Which human disorder is characterized by a group of abnormal body cells that suddenly begin to undergo cell division at a very rapid rate?

Back 38

cancer

Front 39

Which process normally occurs during meiosis, but not during mitosis?

Back 39

synapsis of chromosomes

Front 40

In 1994, a new tomato variety that ripens slowly was developed by a laboratory technique that did not involve methods of natural reproduction. This new variety contains a section of a DNA molecule not found in the tomato from which it was originally developed. Which technique was most likely used to develop this new variety of tomato?

Back 40

genetic engineering

Front 41

Some deep-sea bacteria live near submerged volcanoes and make their own food using energy derived from minerals coming from the volcanoes. These bacteria would be classified as

Back 41

autotrophic

Front 42

Acacia trees provide food for a species of ant that lives on them. The ants defend the acacia tree from grasshoppers and beetles. This relationship between the ant and the acacia tree is best described as

Back 42

mutualism

Front 43

In a human female, what is the most direct result of the presence of the hormone FSH?

Back 43

development of the ovarian follicle?

Front 44

Which term refers to the behavior of two species attempting to use the same living space, food source, and water source?

Back 44

competitive

Front 45

Because turkey vultures feed mainly on animals that they have not killed, they are known as

Back 45

scavengers

Front 46

A cross between two mice with long tails and brown fur produced the four types of offspring listed below:

long tailed with brown fur-long tailed with white fur

short tailed with brown fur-short trailed with white fur

which best explains the results of this cross?

Back 46

independent assortment

Front 47

An ecosystem will most likely remain stable if

Back 47

it has a high level of biodiversity

Front 48

Bacteria that can survive without oxygen are described as

Back 48

anaerobic

Front 49

Which organism lacks a specialized transport system?

Back 49

hydra

Front 50

Which is a characteristics of a mollusk?

Back 50

unsegmented body

Front 51

The brown summer feathers of ptarmigans, small Artic birds, are replaced by white feathers after winter arrives. Which statement next explains this observation?

Back 51

The expression of genes can be modified by the environment.

Front 52

Extinction of species could result from

Back 52

limited genetic variability in the species

Front 53

Which action illustrates an increased understanding and concern by humans for ecological interrelationships?

Back 53

implementing laws to regulate the number of animals hunted and killed each year

Front 54

An animal maintains its fluid balance by regulating the gain and loss of water. This maintenance is an example of

Back 54

homeostasis

Front 55

A change that initiates an electrochemical message along a neuron is

Back 55

a stimulus

Front 56

A characteristic of fertilization in most terrestrial vertebrates is the

Back 56

fusion of gametes in moist internal environment

Front 57

A large population of wildcats is broken up into several small groups as a result of geographic isolation. Over a long period of time, these groups will most likely become

Back 57

reproductively isolated

Front 58

In which process is the pairing of homologous chromosomes followed by the disjunction of these chromosome pairs?

Back 58

meiosis

Front 59

In sexually reproducing species, the number of chromosomes in each body cell remains the same from one generation to the next as a direct result of

Back 59

meiosis and fertilization

Front 60

When one of two traits can be inherited without the other, the genes for these traits are said to be

Back 60

independent

Front 61

The great variety of possible gene combinations in a sexually reproducing species is due in part to the

Back 61

sorting of genes as a result of meiosis

Front 62

Genes are inherited, but their expressions can be modified by the environment. This statement explains why

Back 62

some animals have dark fur only when the temperature is within a certain range

Front 63

The gene frequencies in a population would most likely change due to

Back 63

mutations

Front 64

The code of a gene is delivered to the enzyme-producing region of a cell by a

Back 64

messenger RNA molecule

Front 65

In some individuals, G-A-G, the codon for glutamic acid, is changed to G-U-G, the codon for valine. This error causes misshapen red blood cells. This genetic disorder is known as

Back 65

sickle-cell anemia

Front 66

When DNA separates into two strands, the DNA would most likely be directly involved in

Back 66

replication

Front 67

The types of enzymes produced in a cell are regulated by the

Back 67

order of nucleotides in DNA molecules

Front 68

The destruction of all ATP molecules in a cell would interfere most immediately with the process of

Back 68

active transport

Front 69

In which cell structure is the largest amount of ATP formed?

Back 69

mitochondrion

Front 70

One difference between plant and animal cells is that animal cells do not have

Back 70

chloroplasts

Front 71

Which activity is a function of all living cells?

Back 71

synthesis

Front 72

Uncontrolled cell division is a characteristic of

Back 72

cancer

Front 73

The ability of cells to pass on their characteristics to new cells is most directly related to the ability of

Back 73

chromosomes to replicate

Front 74

Living organisms must be able to obtain materials, change the materials into new forms, remove poisons, and move needed material from one place to another. Many of these activities directly require

Back 74

energy released from ATP

Front 75

Enzyme molecules normally interact with substrate molecules. Some medicines work by blocking enzyme activity in pathogens. These medicines are effective because they

Back 75

have a shape that fits into the enzyme

Front 76

The movements indicated by all arrows are directly involved in

Back 76

the maintenance of homeostasis

Front 77

What pair of organisms represents a predator-prey relationship?

Back 77

owl and mouse

Front 78

Biologically similar organisms have similar DNA and proteins. This statement supports the concept of

Back 78

organic evolution

Front 79

Embryos of fish, chickens, and pigs have gill slits and a tail. The presence of these features suggests that

Back 79

these animals may have had a common ancestor

Front 80

To communicate between cells, many multicellular animals use

Back 80

nerve signals and hormones

Front 81

Sheep and pigs have more enzymes in common than sheep and frogs do. This finding may indicate that

Back 81

sheep are most closely related to pigs than to frogs

Front 82

In flowering plants, the ripened ovary develops into a

Back 82

fruit

Front 83

A characteristic of mutations is that they usually

Back 83

result in different genetic sequences

Front 84

In a particular variety of corn, the kernels turn red when exposed to sunlight. In the absence of sunlight, the kernels remain yellow. Based on this information, it can be concluded that the color of these corn kernels is due to

Back 84

the effect of environment on gene expression

Front 85

What determines the kind of genes an organisms possesses?

Back 85

sequence of the subunits A, T. C, and G in the DNA of the organism

Front 86

If a set of instructions that determines all of the characteristics of an organism is compared to a book, and a chromosome is compared to a chapter in the book, then what might be compared to a paragraph in the book?

Back 86

a DNA molecule

Front 87

In a portion of a gene, the nitrogenous base sequence is T-C-G-A-A-T. Which nitrogenous base sequence would normally be found bonded to this section of the gene?

Back 87

A-G-C-T-T-A

Front 88

If an adenine nucleotide is deleted from a nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule, the result is a

Back 88

mutation

Front 89

A DNA molecule is composed of

Back 89

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Front 90

The shape, size and internal structure of the mitochrondrion have been revealed by

Back 90

electron-microscope studies

Front 91

Lipase, maltase, and protease are memebers of a group of catalysts known as

Back 91

enzymes

Front 92

An unstained wet mount of epidermal cells show few details. Which substance could be added to the slide to make the details more visible?

Back 92

methylene blue

Front 93

The process of active transport requires the most direct use of

Back 93

ATP

Front 94

Enzyme molecules are produced by a life function known as

Back 94

synthesis

Front 95

Which organisms is considered an exception to the cell theory because it has a noncellular structure?

Back 95

an organ

Front 96

Which structure is most directly responsible for maintaining homeostasis in all cells?

Back 96

cell membrane

Front 97

The nucleus of an amoeba is removed with the use of microdissection equipment. The organism will then no longer be able to carry on the process of

Back 97

reproduction

Front 98

When 100 white corn seedlings were placed near a light source, 76 turned green within 48 hours. Which statement best explains why some of the plants turned green?

Back 98

The environment affects expression of inherited traits.

Front 99

Differences between the members of a population will most likely be passed to future generations if they are

Back 99

due to genetic changes and result in favorable variations

Front 100

A gene pool consists of

Back 100

all the heritable genes for traits in a population

Front 101

In a process known as ______, an arthropod will shed its exoskeleton and grw a new, larger exoskeleton that will fit the growing organism.

Back 101

molting

Front 102

Which group are not arthropods?

Back 102

sea stars

Front 103

How many pairs of appendages do crustaceans use for chewing?

Back 103

3

Front 104

_____ is a process in which an organism's body changes dramatically during its overall life cycle.

Back 104

metamorphosis

Front 105

Many diabetics are now using insulin that was made by certain bacteria. The ability of these bacteria to produce insulin was most likely the result of

Back 105

inserting a portion of human DNA into the ring-shaped DNA of bacteria.

Front 106

Cloning an individual usually produces organisms that

Back 106

contain identical genes

Front 107

Pollen formation in a flowering plant takes place in

Back 107

stamen

Front 108

Which gas is excreted as a waste product of autotrophic nutrition in maple trees?

Back 108

oxygen

Front 109

Many species of plants interact with harmless underground fungi. The fungi enable the plans to absorb certain essential minerals and the plants provide the fungi with carbohydrates and other nutrients. This describes an interaction between a

Back 109

producer and a consumer

Front 110

Which is a characteristic of an animal?

Back 110

heterotrophic

Front 111

Which animal is capable of reproducing asexually?

Back 111

hydra

Front 112

Vascular tissue that transports water in leaves connects directly to

Back 112

xylem in the stem