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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are bacteria described and classified?
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by their shape
whether they are gram+ or gram - their size their virulence their ability to use oxygen |
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What are the actions of anti-infective drugs?
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Affect target organism’s structure, metabolism, or life cycle.
eliminate the pathogen |
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Identify the important assessment data for clients receiving multiple antibiotics for the treatment of serious infections?
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clients receiving multiple antibiotics have a higher chance of getting an acquired resistance to antibiotics
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Which lab test is important to obtain to the initiation of antibiotic therapy?
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Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity BEFORE antibiotic therapy is initiated.
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Identify important assessment data/nursing actions for the client receiving the antibiotic gentamycin.
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Monitor Otoxicity
monitor nephrotoxicity impaired neuromuscular functioning |
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what are the nurses priority actions when the patient receiving vancomycin develops signs of toxicity?
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Discontinue the medication
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Which lab values would you anticipate being abnormal in clients receiving amphotercin?
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decrease in WBC and Blood platelet count
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Why is it important to complete an entire course of any antibiotics?
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It is important to complete the course as prescribed to ensure that the illness is treated properly. Failure to complete antibiotic courses is also a contributory factor to antibiotic resistance.
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More specifically, why is it important to complete an entire course of Amoxil for the pt receiving the medication for strep throat?
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failure to not finish the abx can make the pt become resistant to the abx and damage heart valves
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What are the most common side effects of isoniazid (INH)?
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NVD, gastric pain
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What patients are at greatest risk of acquiring a serious fungal infection?
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those who are immunocomprimised (HIV, cancer)
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Which class of antibacterial agents is narrow spectrum drugs?
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PCN G
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Which class of antibacterial agents are most commonly prescribed for infections by aerobic, gram - bacteria?
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Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin)
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Which class of antibacterial agents have the potential to cause serious adverse effects such as ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade?
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Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
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What are the teaching points for the client receiving Nystatin (nilstat)
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Dissolve the oral tablet in your mouth and swallow it.
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List all the instructions that should be given to the client prescribed a tetracycline medication
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-Decreases effectiveness of BCP
-Void milk products, iron, metamucil type meds...Binds with meds and decrease absorption by 50% |
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Which antibacterial suppresses bacterial growth by inhibiting synthesis of the essential B complex vitamin folic acid?
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Sulfonamide (Bactrim)
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what vitamin supplement would you anticipate to be given with the INH?
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Vitamin B 6
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Which foods should be avoided in clients receiving antitubercular drugs? why?
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Advise clients taking isoniazid to avoid foods containing tyramine, such as aged cheese, smoked and pickled fish, beer and red wine, bananas, and chocolate.
(Foods high in tyramine can interact with the drug and cause palpitations, flushing, and hypertension.) |
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How would you describe a superinfection?
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A secondary infection that occurs as a side effect of anti-infective therapy.
Occur when normal flora (or host flora) are destroyed, particularly in the GI, GU, and intestinal tracts. |
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What are the S/S of a superinfection?
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Diarrhea
--Pseudomembranous colitis --Clostridium difficile Rash Bladder pain Painful urination Thrush Abnormal vaginal discharge |
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Describe the nature of viruses.
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-Nonliving agents that infect bacteria, plants, animals
-Intracellular parasite **Must be in host cell to replicate and cause infection **Many viruses infect specific host cell -Surrounded by capsid (protein coat) -Contain a few dozen genes, either RNA or DNA ***DNA contains information needed for replication |
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Identify adverse reactions associated with zidovudine(Retrovir) administered for the treatment of HIV.
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-Toxicity to blood cells at high doses
-Anemia and neutropenia -Anorexia, nausea, diarrhea -Fatigue, generalized weakness |
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What are the potential adverse effects associated with acyclovir (Zovirax) used for treatment of genital herpes?
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nephrotoxicity is possible when medication is given IV
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explain the MOA for acyclovir (Zovirax), used as a treatment for herpes simplex type I virus.
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to prevent viral DNA synthesis
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when does adequate immunity occur after the influenza vaccine has been administered?
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14 days after vaccination
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Why does a client with AIDS take so many medications?
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To decrease the possibility of the virus developing resistance to the medications
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Azole antifungals are relatively contraindicated in clients with which conditions?
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chronic alcoholism d/t liver toxicity
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Clients whose immune systems are suppressed are at risks for?
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Fungal infections
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Identify important assessment data for the pt receiving a prescription for metronidazole (Flagyl).
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Metronidazole (Flagyl) may cause dry mouth and metallic taste
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Discharge instructions for the pt receiving a prescription for PCN should include..
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pt must wait 30 minutes after PCN injection to ensure no reaction
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What would you anticipate as a potential adverse effect of Amphotercin B (Fungizone)?
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nephrotoxicity
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What is the difference between broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotics?
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broad-spectrum antibiotic- one effective against a wide range of bacteria
narrow spectrum antibiotic- An antibiotic effective against a limited number of microorganisms |
