Antibiotics (AB) are widely used medicines to treat both life-threatening and trivial infections. Their erroneous use increases the risk of bacterial drug resistance (1). Medications administered inappropriately not only leads to wastage of resources but also carries potential serious and life-threatening adverse effects for the users (2). Resistance to antimicrobial drugs by the microorganism is increasing due to improper use of antibiotics. Microbial resistance is one of the major issues of the health worldwide (3).
Using of antimicrobials and the emergence of resistant microorganisms had to get attention since the introduction of penicillin. Bacterial resistance has a negative impact on treatment fate, increasing death rates and hospitalization …show more content…
In Iraq, the situation might be different or not well studied. However, in hospitals antibiotics are given in large quantities and of a broad spectrum. Moreover, departments of hospitals are condensed with patients who are at risk of acquiring infections of resistant microorganisms. This, raise the importance of studying in hospital antibiotic use to measure and limit unnecessary prescribing. And it’s an essential step in combating the developing antibiotics resistance (10).
Irrational prescription of antibiotics by healthcare providers could be related to the non-assurance of the type of infection, whether viral or bacterial. Physicians struggle whether to give or delay antibiotics prescription. Also, they struggle whether to prescribe a narrow spectrum or broad spectrum antibiotics. So, many physicians prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics to make sure better outcomes. Further, some physicians overprescribe antibiotics as a response to their patients’ expectations …show more content…
The Questionnaire includes general information like patients case sheet number, age, gender, provisional clinical diagnosis, history of any chronic disease, previous hospitalization, and drug allergy. Also, the questionnaire includes the types, dosage, and duration of the antibiotic administered and any microbiological test results. The last section of the sheet was allocated to the rationality of antibiotic use whether rational or irrational and the type of irrational use (types of error).
Irrational antibiotic use classified as; No indication for the antibiotic, Inappropriate antibiotic, Inappropriate dose, Inappropriate combination of antibiotic, Too long or too short duration, Too broad or too narrow spectrum. The rationality of antibiotic use was determined according to recognized international guidelines and previous studies (18-21).
Ethical approval was taken from Scientific Council of Family Medicine in Arab Board Committee\ Baghdad, and from Research ethics Committee in Kerbala Health Directorate and a verbal consent were taken from each individual prior to data collection after a short explanation of study
Using of antimicrobials and the emergence of resistant microorganisms had to get attention since the introduction of penicillin. Bacterial resistance has a negative impact on treatment fate, increasing death rates and hospitalization …show more content…
In Iraq, the situation might be different or not well studied. However, in hospitals antibiotics are given in large quantities and of a broad spectrum. Moreover, departments of hospitals are condensed with patients who are at risk of acquiring infections of resistant microorganisms. This, raise the importance of studying in hospital antibiotic use to measure and limit unnecessary prescribing. And it’s an essential step in combating the developing antibiotics resistance (10).
Irrational prescription of antibiotics by healthcare providers could be related to the non-assurance of the type of infection, whether viral or bacterial. Physicians struggle whether to give or delay antibiotics prescription. Also, they struggle whether to prescribe a narrow spectrum or broad spectrum antibiotics. So, many physicians prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics to make sure better outcomes. Further, some physicians overprescribe antibiotics as a response to their patients’ expectations …show more content…
The Questionnaire includes general information like patients case sheet number, age, gender, provisional clinical diagnosis, history of any chronic disease, previous hospitalization, and drug allergy. Also, the questionnaire includes the types, dosage, and duration of the antibiotic administered and any microbiological test results. The last section of the sheet was allocated to the rationality of antibiotic use whether rational or irrational and the type of irrational use (types of error).
Irrational antibiotic use classified as; No indication for the antibiotic, Inappropriate antibiotic, Inappropriate dose, Inappropriate combination of antibiotic, Too long or too short duration, Too broad or too narrow spectrum. The rationality of antibiotic use was determined according to recognized international guidelines and previous studies (18-21).
Ethical approval was taken from Scientific Council of Family Medicine in Arab Board Committee\ Baghdad, and from Research ethics Committee in Kerbala Health Directorate and a verbal consent were taken from each individual prior to data collection after a short explanation of study