Anthropology Final Exam

Front 1

The biological relationship between melanin levels and climate across mammals and birds, where populations living in warmer climates have darker skin, fur or feathers than do populations of the same species living in cooler areas, is caled

Back 1

Gloger's rule

Front 2

As predicted by Bergman's and Alen's rules, having a lean, long-limbed body type in an equatorial climate provides an individual with

Back 2

greater surface area in relation to body mas, which faciltates body heat disipation.

Front 3

Which of the following North American conceptions about race is true?

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None are true.

Front 4

The subsistence strategy of the Mesolithic has been characterized as

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broad-spectrum food colection

Front 5

Maize (corn) was aparently first domesticated in

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Mexico.

Front 6

In general, ____ were less important economicaly in the New World than in many parts of the Old World.

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domesticated animals

Front 7

Which of the following is not considered to have been a cause of food production?

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Bipedalism.

Front 8

When a previously mobile, nomadic group adopts a sedentary life, it can lead to

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-population growth.
-a demand for increased food production.
-a demand for increased storage capacity.
-problems in the resolution of conflicts.

Front 9

Archaeologists think that he first states arose about 3,50 BCE in

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Mesopotamia.

Front 10

A functionalist theory argues that mobilzing labour and management necessary for the upkeep of ____ led to the formation of a politcal elite.

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an irigation system

Front 11

Esential characteristics of civilzations include

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stratifed society, state organization, writng, and urban setlements

Front 12

What was the typical Uper Paleolithic tool?

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blade

Front 13

The hypothesis that modern humans originated through a process of simultaneous local transition from H. erectus to H. sapiens throughout he inhabited world is called

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the multiregional hypothesis.

Front 14

The genetic evidence for modern H. sapiens suports the notion that

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there has been genetic blending over time between various hominid types.

Front 15

Which of the following statements is correct?

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There is a low level of genetic diferentiation betwen modern human populations

Front 16

What is a burin?

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A stone tool with chisel-ike edges for working bone, horn, antler, or ivory

Front 17

All of the following are inventions associated with the Upper Paleolithic except:

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wheel.

Front 18

In which period did we first find large amounts of non-functional figurative art commonly present in the archaeological record?

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Upper Paleolithic

Front 19

Abstract forms experienced during trance are known as

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entoptic phenomena

Front 20

Though the earliest of rock art appeared in the form of sculpture and engravings, figurative art portrayed in the Upper Paleolithic paintings

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includes abstract designs rendered two-dimensionaly

Front 21

Why cave art? All of the following are common explanations provided except:

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they are simple sketches on a cave wall with no signifcance at all.

Front 22

Securely dated remains from ___, a site in south central Chile, indicate that populations had spread as far as the
southern part of South America by 14,50 BCE, if not earlier.

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Monte Verde

Front 23

Finely-made fluted spear points are atributed to

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Paleoindians in North America

Front 24

About 12,00 years ago, what environmental change(s) has/have been cited as factor(s) in the causes food production?

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Glaciers melted and the sea levels rose

Front 25

What is the term that refers to an evolutionary process whereby humans modify, either intentionally or unintentionally, the genetic makeup of a population of plants or animals?

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Domestication

Front 26

Natufian subsistence is associated with all of the following except:

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the use of foot plows

Front 27

Native Americans domesticated over 30 food crops, including two of the four most important ones in the world today:

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potatoes and maize

Front 28

Excavations at the Neolithic settlement hat later grew to become the biblical city of ___ have revealed the remains of a sizable farming community occupied as early as 10,350 years ago.

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Jericho

Front 29

All of the following skeletal evidences are noted biological consequences commonly associated with the Neolithic time period except:

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less wear on teeth.

Front 30

Societies in which large numbers of people are socialy stratifed, live in cites, and are governed by centraly organized politcal systems, are called

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civilizations

Front 31

For several hundred years, Tikal was able to sustain its ever-growing population. Then the pressure for food and land reached a critical point, and population growth was halted. At he same time, warfare with other cites was
becoming increasingly destructive. This is marked archaeologically by all of the following except:

Back 31

large, irrigation waterworks.

Front 32

All of the following are basic changes that mark the transiton from Neolithic village life to life in the first urban centers except:

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expansion of religious centers.

Front 33

Which of the following discoveries at an archaeological site is not an indicator of a strong centralized authority?

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There were shalow garbage deposits at he dweling houses

Front 34

Scholars atribute the earliest forms of writng in the Old World to

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record-keeping of state affairs of economic activity.

Front 35

Some civilizations flourished under a ruler with extraordinary governing abilties, while others possesed a widespread governing bureaucracy that was very efficient at every level. Which of the following is the best example of the later?

Back 35

Inca

Front 36

According to Robert Carneiro, when a population is circumscribed, all of the following will happen except:

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it will develop a more egalitarian structure.

Front 37

How does the definiton of race differ from biology to anthropology?

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Anthropologists see race as a cultural category, while biologists use this term to indicate species
variation

Front 38

Which of the following is not a signifcant characteristic of race?

Back 38

The genetic differences between populations, or groups, is greater than that between any two
human beings

Front 39

A doctrine by which one group justifes the dehumanization of others based on their distinctive physical characteristics is called

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racism.

Front 40

We can conclude the all of the following about human diversity except:

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as a biological concept, race is a productive way to understand the human species

Front 41

An Archaeologist has a research project involving the analysis of an old campsite of a people who relied primarily on foraging for wild foods about 500,000 years ago. this project would be considered

Back 41

pre-historic

Front 42

When your instructor dated the wall at the Greek colony of Pharos, he

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used artifacts to date layers deposited below the wall

Front 43

Which of the following is not a goal of science

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to eliminate the need to use imgination

Front 44

a position that is closely examined and critically checked explanation of observed reality is called

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theory

Front 45

a "culture bound" theory is

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a theory based on assumptions common to a particular culture rather than deriving from comparisions of many diffrent cultures

Front 46

an archaeologist studies material remains and environmental data to understand

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human culture

Front 47

which of the following are broad research interests of physical anthropologists (aka biological)

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biological variation in human populations and evolution of human characteristics

Front 48

how do scientific accounts and creation stories differ from each other

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scientific accounts focus on testable ideas, and creation stories do not

Front 49

all of the following are characteristics of scientific thought regarding the theory of evolution except,

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it does not account for the diversity of life

Front 50

the smallest working units in biological classificatory systems that are reproductivley isolated populations or groups of populations capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring are called

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species

Front 51

Modern taxonomy, or the science of classification, is based on

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body structure, function, and squence of bodily growth

Front 52

which scientist proposed that an organism's behaviour could bring about changes in its anatomy? This was called the inheritance of acquired characteristics:

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Jean-Bastiste Lamarck

Front 53

the theory of uniformitarianism argued that

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changes on earth are caused by gradual processes over time

Front 54

all of the following are part of the theory of natural selection except,

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individuals with better adaption will more selectively reproduce, favouring less offspring that are better cared for

Front 55

for type A blood is dominant to type O means an individual will have?

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type A

Front 56

Which of the following has figured most prominently in human evolutionary studies?

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Mitochondrial DNA

Front 57

The ultimate source of evolutionary change is

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mutation

Front 58

Chance fluctuations of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population

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come about due to random events at the individual level

Front 59

The study of inheritance in individuals tells us about how genes can be combined and recombined through sexual reproduction, but to see how species change over time as natural selection favors some combinations over others, we need to look at

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populations

Front 60

There are four evolutionary forces, which of the following is not one of these?

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translation

Front 61

The Hardy- Weinberg principle is correct as long as certain conditions are met, which of the following is not one?

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There are no recessive alleles in the gene pool

Front 62

which of the following situations is likely to result in genetic drift?

Back 62

A volcanic eruption on a small island that wipes out half of the population of 100 iguanas

Front 63

being arboreal is associated with each of the following except

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ability to continue growing throughout the lifespan

Front 64

in humans, bilateral symmetry is considered to be what kind of trait?

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ancestral trait

Front 65

under what kinds of conditions would you expect to find convergent evolution

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similar environmental pressures on various species

Front 66

what kind of evidence has confirmed the close relationship between humans and other primates

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molecular

Front 67

among primates, humans are least related to which of the following

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monkeys

Front 68

the teeth of primates are

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less specialized in comparison with other mammals

Front 69

which of the following occurs during binocular vision

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the visual fields of each eye overlap, creating depth perception

Front 70

the primate skeleton reflects the importance in primate evolution of most of the following characteristics. Which of the following does it not reflect?

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increased significance of smell

Front 71

The capability to use arms to move from branch to branch, with the body hanging suspend beneath the arms, is called

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brachiation

Front 72

the large opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes is an important clue to evolutionary relationships. It is called the

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foramen magnum

Front 73

New World monkeys live in

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tropical forests of South and Central America

Front 74

Old World monkeys have all of the following characteristics except,

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they do not live in trees

Front 75

male baboons are significantly larger than female baboons. This anatomical difference is called

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sexual dimorphism

Front 76

Recent discoveries have led paleoanthropogists to now focus on what type of environment as the earliest environment for our human ancestors?

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forests

Front 77

a chimpanzee or bonobo community consists of approximately how many animals?

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50 or more

Front 78

what is natal group

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the group the animal has lived in since birth

Front 79

which of the following primates known for the highest levels of territorial defense, including the use of patrolling animals?

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chimpanzees

Front 80

which of the following statements about rank is true for bonobos?

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female rank determines the social order of the group more than male rank

Front 81

grooming is a social characteristic of primates carried out for the purpose of all of the follwoing except

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dominance