Anthropolgy Essays For Final Exam

Front 1

Core

Back 1

The core is the dominant position in the world system that includes the strongest and most powerful nations. It has many sophisticated technologies and mechanized productions that produce products that flow to other cores.

Front 2

Periphery

Back 2

The periphery are nations less with less power, wealth and influence than the core has. The periphery is less mechanized and produces raw materials, agricultural commodities and increasing human labor for export to the core.

Front 3

Proletarianization

Back 3

The separation of workers from the means of production

Front 4

Green Revolution

Back 4

The green revolution is a revolution in which new crops are created along with chemical fertilizers, pesticides and new cultivation techniques. The revolution helped to increase the world’s food supply and thus improve the diets and living conditions of victims of poverty, particularly in land-scarce, overcrowded regions. Wheat and rice doubled or tripled supplies in many Third World countries.

Front 5

Equity

Back 5

Equity is the even distribution of money, property and goods. Increased equity is reduced poverty and a move even distribution of wealth.

Front 6

Overinnovation

Back 6

Overinnovation is the idea of too much change in the daily lives of individuals; this is a general fallacy because people generally modify their lives enough to continue doing what they usually do.

Front 7

Underdifferentiation

Back 7

The fallacy of underdifferentiation is the tendency to view “the less developed countries” as more alike than they are. This is ignoring cultural diversity and treating individuals in different cultures in generally the same way.

Front 8

Hegemony

Back 8

hegemony is a stratified social order in which subordinates comply with domination by internalizing values and accepting its “naturalness” of domination.

Front 9

culture of consumption

Back 9

The transitional force of culture of consumption is finance. Countries today are looking beyond their borders to invest in other countries and many countries depend on labor that resides in another place or they come from another place in order to work. Culture of consumption is driven by flows of people, technology, finance, information, and ideology.

• A cultural consumption is a society that has a belief system that is ordered to increasing consumption per capita over time

Front 10

Image of Limited Good

Back 10

There isn’t enough to go around for everyone to have everything.

The only way to get ahead was to acquire more land and the only way to do that is to get it from someone else.

Peasants view the acquisition of wealth as a negative thing, antisocial by limiting the wealth of others

Front 11

Cargo System

Back 11

Fiestas during certain times of the year for religious purposes

huge financial strain

those financially better off sponsor the festival

Front 12

Future Shock

Back 12

the idea presented by Toffler in his book that there is too much change in such a short amount of time that we cannot keep up

overchoice

Front 13

Generation Gap

Back 13

The difference between two generations of a technological age in which the younger generation understands new technology better than the older generation.

Front 14

Cowboy Economy

Back 14

There is always a new frontier and way in which to produce more wealth than before.

Front 15

Spaceman Economy

Back 15

o If the earth is like a spaceship, our burning of fossil fuels is like smoking big cigars in the shuttle, then we are damaging the atmosphere.

There is only so much we can explore and so much we can invent.

We cannot overpopulate

Front 16

levelling mechanism

Back 16

a societal obligation compelling a family to redistribute goods so that non one accumulates more wealth than another.

cargo system, evil eye and witch craft and treasure tales

Front 17

acculturation

Back 17

DESTRUCTION

Acculturation is the modification of the culture of a group or individual as a result of contact with a different culture.

Front 18

peasants

Back 18

mainly farmers and working to produce their own food

generally the poorer in social status

use little technology

based on labor intensive work

culturally traditional subsistence oriented villagers

peasant cultures (according to foster) tend to be organized around an image of limited good, discourage the acquistion of wealth

Front 19

Positivism

Back 19

19th century Social Philosophy

the possibility of progreee as a result of applying science to the solving of human problems

Front 20

Synthetic Culture

Back 20

Based on advertising and consumer goods

It develops when the amount and rates of change force people or a community to give up tradition in favor of inventing their life, ways, and customs as they go along.

A culture that is consciously made up as it goes along

Front 21

Cargo Cult

Back 21

religious cults that develop in response to colonialism in the islands of Melanesis believeing that the wealth of european colonials can be obtained through magic

Front 22

Syncretism

Back 22

takes place whenever the culture of two peopples are blended, especially when a local religion adopts selective beliefs and practices from a religion of a more powerful colonizer

Front 23

evolution

Back 23

species arose from others through a long and gradual process of transformation (descent with modification)

Front 24

Natural Selection

Back 24

the process by which nature selects forms most fit to survive and reproduce

PHENOTYPE

Based on surplus population, variability in inherited characteristics, competition

Front 25

Descent with Modification

Back 25

changes in gene frequency related to adaptation

Front 26

Darwinian Fitness

Back 26

a measure of how good we are at surviving and reproducing

Front 27

Taung Child

Back 27

Dart found in 1927

1/2 of a child's enocradnial cast

deciduous teeth

centered framen magnum

Australopithecus africanus
(2-2.5 mya)

SOUTH AFRICA

Front 28

Lucy

Back 28

Johanson

Ethiopia

(3.4-3.2 mya)

Almost the whole fossil

skull fragmented

female, modern human pelvis, 4.5ft tall, fully erect

shortened leg bones (same length as arms)

front teeth, apelike

single cusp like apes

most apelike of all hominids

Australopithecus Afarensis

Front 29

ER 1470

Back 29

Mauve Leakey

East Rudolph

700 cubic centimeter brain

refuted single species hypothesis, robustus did not lead to homo genus

Called homo habillis until 90's when it changed to rudolfensis

1.8 mya

Front 30

Piltdown

Back 30

Charles Dawson 1911

gravel quarry near london

found skull fragments and jaw fragments (inconclusive to match)

no chin

brain capacity within human range
thickness of bone similar to humans (both abnormal for homo erectus)

Eoanthropus dawsonii

1950's revealed as a HOAX

Front 31

Pithecanthropus

Back 31

1890's Java Island

Eugene Dubois

inconclusive brain to femur connection

found skull cap with 2x thick bone

900cc brain capacity

developed body, primitive head

part of homo erectus now

Front 32

Missing Link

Back 32

according to Darwin, it was in Africa