Anth 115 Sjsu

Front 1

What is an ethnography?

Back 1

Detailed reporting or writing on the manners and customs of geographically disperse human groups

Front 2

What is wrong with the idea of primitive culture?

Back 2

It is problematic because of perspective differences of what is deemed modern and useful. Not all cultures hold the same values and emphasis on certain things as others.

Front 3

What was Edward Tylors definition of culture?

Back 3

That complex whole whicch includes knowledfe, belief, art, morals, laws, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society

Front 4

What do we mean when we say "Anthropology is a holistic discipline?"

Back 4

Anthropologists try to understand the interaction between a variety of systems and processes that influence human behavior. They believe that breaking human phenomena down to their constituent parts does not tell the whole story.

Front 5

What role did coffee houses play in social change in the late 19th and 20th centuries?

Back 5

coffee houses during this time played a role in social change by establishing the association of coffee with a particular kind of modern urban style, they responded to the needs for public personal space and they became a place where people from different "walks of life" could gather.

Front 6

What is the difference between “modernization” and “globalization”?

Back 6

Modernization is the process of turning from a traditional, agrarian society to a modern industrial society. Globalization is not merely the result of improved technology or connectivity, it implies cultural synthesis, rather than the eradication of local traditions.

Front 7

What is the difference between “direct” and “representative” democracy?

Back 7

Direct democracy is where people vote directly on the issues (local elections), but a representative democracy is where people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. (Senators, house of representatives, etc.).

Front 8

What is a “banana republic”?

Back 8

A country which is economically and/or politically dominated by a foreign corporation often supported by the military of the corporation’s home country. It’s called this because in nineteenth century, companies came together and formed a monopoly over export and production of bananas and forced small farmers to become low wage labor workers for large American-owned plantations and the US sent troops into foreign countries to protect their economic interests.

Front 9

What is “neo-colonialism”?

Back 9

Kind of intervention in politics and economies of less developed countries whereby a corporation or industry creates dependent relationships requiring less developed countries to produce raw materials to support the industrialized economy of the more dominant powers. For example, Nigeria is dependent on oil and gas which represents 95% of its export earnings, 35%of its GDP, and three-quarters of its government revenue,

Front 10

What consequences are there to the large trade in commodities at the New York Merchantile Exchange?

Back 10

Prices of commodities are based on supply and demand rather than growing conditions of the products or the needs of their producers.

Front 11

What does Steger mean when he uses the term “globality”?

Back 11

A social condition characterized by tight global economic, political, cultural, and environmental interconnections and flows that make most of the currently existing borders and boundaries irrelevant. Shouldn’t assume it’s already upon us nor that it precludes an endpoint. Signifies future social condition that, like all conditions, is destined to give way to new constellations.

Front 12

What does Steger reserve the term “globalization” for?

Back 12

He uses it when complex connections and flows linking the global to the local and vice versa happen, not to be confined to macro-dynamics isolated from concrete settings. A set of social processes that appear to transform our present social condition of conventional nationality into one of globality. “Globalization refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world space.”

Front 13

What does Steger mean by the “global imaginary”?

Back 13

A concept referring to people’s growing consciousness of global connectivity. Powerfully reflected in the current transformation of the principle ideas and values that go into the articulation of concrete political agendas and programs.

Front 14

What are some of the reasons that people have moved around the globe?

Back 14

People migrate around the world for many reasons, some willingly and some unwillingly. Early man may have been following game as he moved from place to place, others may have been forced because of climate change or conflict, explorations of the world for discovery, some left while fleeing religious persecution, some were expelled and sent abroad as convicts, some for political reasons.

Front 15

Why do some countries encourage the immigration of young people?

Back 15

Because there is a declining birth rate and young immigrants are need to contribute to economies with aging workers.

Front 16

Which social class benefits the most from immigration? Who suffers the most?

Back 16

The wealthy in a host country benefit most from immigration and the previous wave of poor immigrants suffers the most.

Front 17

Do more immigrants enter the U.S. legally or illegally?

Back 17

More immigrants enter the US illegally. 11.2 million compares to 990,000.Contrary to what people think, the number of legal immigrants has been steadily increasing.

Front 18

What are the positive and negative effects of migration on migrants’ home countries?

Back 18

Some positive effects are that cash can be sent back home to families and another positive could be that people that are [now] educated can return home and set up businesses and help their families/people back home. Some negatives include a loss of working class people, youth leaving behind an aging population with less support and, opposite to a positive, people could become educated and then never return home. Countries can become dependent on the money sent back (ei: as the youth leaves to work, it is possible that the elderly’s only finance comes from money sent)

Front 19

Does Steger think globalization is a recent phenomenon?

Back 19

He said it depends on how far we are willing to extend the web of causation that resulted in those recent technologies and social arrangements that most people have come to associate with our buzzword.

Front 20

What are the characteristics of the first stage of globalization (Prehistoric 10,000 BCE to 3500BCE)?

Back 20

Severely limited. Divergence- people and social connections stemming from a single origin but moving and diversifying greatly over time and space.

Front 21

What are the characteristics of the pre-modern period ((3500 BCE-1500 CE)

Back 21

Age of empires was the later part of this time period. The empires fostered multiplication and extension of long-distance communication and exchange of culture, technology, commodities, and diseases. Dazzling artistry and brilliant philosophical achievements stimulated new discoveries in other fields of knowledge such as astronomy, mathematics, and chemistry. Silk Road greatly helped globalize cultures.

Front 22

What are the characteristics of the early modern period (1500-1750)?

Back 22

Developing objective science, achieving a universal form of morality and law, liberating rational modes of thought and social organization, and the rise of European metropolitan centers and their affiliated merchant class

Front 23

What are the characteristics of the modern period (1750-1980)?

Back 23

Australia and Pacific Islands were slowly incorporated into the European-dominated network of political, economic, and cultural exchange, Western capitalist enterprises gained in stature, and world trade increased dramatically.

Front 24

What are the characteristics of the Contemporary Period (1980 to present)?

Back 24

The dramatic creating, expansion, and acceleration of worldwide interdependencies and global exchange, different and widely spaced people and social connection coming together more rapidly than ever before, and the internet.

Front 25

What is the most important thing to remember about conducting an ethnographic interview?

Back 25

The most important thing to remember is that you are either the host or the guest. Identify yourself and offer, while always listening.

Front 26

What are some factors to consider in conducting an ethnographic interview?

Back 26

The setting of an ethnographic interview impacts the results, also take social relationships into consideration.

Front 27

What are the characteristics of a “third space” in urban life?

Back 27

Third space fills the gap between home and work. It is seen as an alternative community, where the responsibility of work and home are forgotten. It is free or inexpensive, it offers access to food and drinks, it is within easy reach, and it houses regulars and new people.

Front 28

What do the more rigid time schedules of modern Japan have to do with the café?

Back 28

These rigid time schedules gave rise to a more synchronized or predictable time when employees from various corporations would stop to get a cup of coffee and various cafes started to focus on this clientele.

Front 29

How did the use of waitresses change cafes? How did café’s change the perception of women’s roles in Japan?

Back 29

The use of waitresses changed cafes by making them more modern, by changing the typical roles of the traditional woman by making them more free and less bound to the traditions, and it jump started a revolution in social forms, appearance and behavior [shock value amongst women].

Front 30

Describe the part of this chapter that might be considered an ethnography rather than ethnohistory?

Back 30

The part of this chapter that might be considered an ethnography rather than ethnohistory would be the part that describes how the modernization of the cafe transformed parts of Japanese culture and how it changed the social roles of women.

Front 31

What is a capitalist? What are the institutional supports for capitalism?

Back 31

A capitalist is someone who provided capital for business. The institutional supports for capitalism are an increase in demand for goods, an increase in the supply (or capital), a growth in population, an expansion of agriculture, state support for trade and the absence of the merchant class.

Front 32

Describe China as center for learning and trade in 1400.

Back 32

China’s population was at 100 million and was the most technologically advanced country. China had a thriving iron industry and advanced weaponry.

Front 33

Describe the relationship of sugar and slavery in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Back 33

Labor intensive work and slaves provided much of the labor, a large amount of slaves were sent from West Africa to America and [in the 17th century] sugar would began to play a major role in the world economy.

Front 34

What is terra nullius?

Back 34

A document that allow Europeans to to occupy/seize new land, land belonging to no one.

Front 35

What is the percentage of Native American depopulation?

Back 35

60%-70%

Front 36

What was the role of the trading company? Use the Dutch East India Company as an example.

Back 36

The role of the trading company was to bring goods to Europe and they sold in Asia for 20%-25% profits. The trading company [Dutch East India Company] was the first transnational corporation, they had their own army and navy, they got a charter from the King of Netherlands and they were given a monopoly of trade in Asia and to make their own treaties.

Front 37

Discuss how the production patterns of the Industrial Revolution in England forced people to begin "selling their labor”.

Back 37

By combining the means of production with labor power to produce commodities

Front 38

What is a corporation?

Back 38

An agreement between a state and a group of investors that permits them to do business in ways that individuals cannot.

Front 39

What was the effect of the Bretton Woods Conference on globalization?

Back 39

The world went on gold standard and the three institutions (World Bank, International Monetary Fund, GATT) were created.

Front 40

What is a corporation? What is the advantage of incorporating?

Back 40

A corporation is a legal agreement between investors and the states to do business in a special way, most importantly it protects the individual interest of the investors and Protects them from personal liability

Front 41

What was the 1886 case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company?Why is it important?

Back 41

The 1886 case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company dealt with taxation and railroad properties. It is important because it changed the relationship between businesses and law decisively. Corporations now have all of the same rights as us BUT they aren’t held responsible for their debt like we are -- they manipulate the system.

Front 42

What beliefs are fundamental to corporate culture?

Back 42

The beliefs are sustained economic growth is the path to human progress, markets should be unrestrained by the government and goods should flow freely, moving functions of government and public assets into the private sector improves efficiency, and the government should provide an infrastructure that which promotes commerce and and protects its property rights and contracts.

Front 43

What three international institutions were created at the Bretton Woods Conference and what do they do?

Back 43

International Monetary Fund : Oversees stability of exchange ratesGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT): Ensure free trade of commodities (Now the World Trade Organization)World Bank: Makes loans for development projects

Front 44

What international agreement about currency was made at the Bretton Woods Conference? Why was it important?

Back 44

The international agreement made was that currency was to be pegged to gold (gold standard). This was important because this meant that currency could be exchanged and, more importantly, there was now international currency.

Front 45

Is the world still on the gold standard?

Back 45

Nowe are off the gold standard because of all our projects

Front 46

Why did rich countries encourage poor countries to borrow money from the World Bank in the 1970’s? What happened to this development money?

Back 46

Rich countries encourage poor countries to borrow money from the World Bank in the 1970s in order [for the] to develop around the world and what happened to the development of this money was that there was a lot of unfinished projects thus the money was pocketed by corrupt officials.

Front 47

How does Steger define economic globalization?

Back 47

The intensification and stretching of economic connections around the globe.

Front 48

According to Steger, what institutions are the major building blocks of the Twenty-first century’s global economic structure?

Back 48

The Asian Pacific Economic Corporation and the European Union

Front 49

Who does Steger say was the architect of the Bretton Woods Agreement and what was its basic principle?

Back 49

John Maynard Keynes and State Interventionism and Controlled Capitalism

Front 50

Who does Steger say defeated “controlled capitalism”?

Back 50

Richard Nixon, The OPEC

Front 51

What is neoliberalism?

Back 51

An approach to economics and social studies in which control of economic factors is shifted from the public sector to the private sector. rooted in the classical ideas of liberalism of the late 1700s and early 1800s, market should be self regulated, free competition/free trade, elimination of tariffs, massive tax cut

Front 52

Subjugation

Back 52

Occurswhen a dominant culture forces a non dominant culture to conform to their ways (Eg.Slavery is a form of subjugation)

Front 53

Paternalism

Back 53

Takesplace when the dominant culture assumes the role of the father of the lessdominant culture (eg. Catholic church and mexico)

Front 54

Acculturation

Back 54

Assumesthat members of non dominant cultures can be encouraged to voluntarily

Front 55

Assimilation

Back 55

Sometimespeople from less technologically advanced economically advantaged andpolitically dominant cultures are absorbed into more powerful and prominentcultures

Front 56

Syncretism

Back 56

Culturalideas from different cultures mix to create a new reality