Animal Nutrition And The Digestive System

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chyme

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partially digested mass of food. Goes from stomach into the small intestine.

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ileum

Back 2

The last of three sections of the small intestine primarily involved in the absorption of nutrients and water

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Bile

Back 3

A mixture of substances produced by the liver and stored in the gallblatter. Contains no digestive enzymes, but bile salts, which aid in digestion and absoption of fats

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Small intestine and sections

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Organ where vast majority of chemical disgestion and absoption of biomolecules takes place. 3 areas: duodenum (1st), jejunum (2nd), ileum. More thn 6ft long

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duodenum

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The first section of the small intestine, where acid chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and gland cells of the intestinal wall

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pyloric sphincter

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a thick band of muscles at the end of the stomach (pylorus). muscle that regulates the passage of chyme into the small intestine.

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CCK (cholecystikinin)

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a hormone released by small intestine cells in the duodenum. Stimulates the release of amylas, lipas, and bile. CCK is released due to fat-digestion products. Controls the negative feedback loop for fat breakdown

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Extracellular disgestion

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The breakdown of food outside cells - occurs in most animals

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Secretin definition

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a hormone that stimulates the release of biocarbonate ions from the pancreas if too much cyme enter the duodenum at once.

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Secretin controls...

Back 10

negative feedback loop for pH control of chyme

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Gastrin defintion

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a hormone that stimulates the release of HCL and pepsinogen to further breakdown protein and amino acids in the stomach before they enter the duodenum

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Gastrin controls...

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the negative feedback loop for protein breakdown

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villi

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large circular folds that protude into the interior of the intestine. made up of epithelial cells

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microvilli

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microscopic appendages of a villus cell that are exposed to the intestinal lumen. increases surface area and is an adaption that increastes the rate of nutritional absorption

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large intestine

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also known as the colon. main job is to reabsorb water and salts.

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chylomicrons

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Small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed with cholesterol and coated with special proteins

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What are the 3 sets of salivary glands in humans?

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parotid (below ear), submaxillary (below the upper jaw), and sublingual (below the tongue)

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Intracellular digestion

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The joining of food vacuoles and lysosome to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell

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Pepsinogen

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The inactivated form of pepsin produced by specialized cells called chief cells located in gastric pits. Converted to pepsin in the lumen of the stomach.

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gastrovascular cavities

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An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body. In animals with simple body plans: hydras, Paramecium

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bolus

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a lubricated ball of chewed food

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chyme

Back 22

A partially digested mass of food that enters the small intestine

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Saliva: definition, contains

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a fluid rich in ions and containing some enzymes that assist in wetting and lubricating food particles. Contains salivary amylase, an enymze that hydrolzyes starch

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Saliva: definition,

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a fluid rich in ions and containing some enzymes that assist in wetting and lubricating food particles. Contains salivary amylas, an enyze that hydrolzyes starch

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Gastric Juice

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a mixture of mucus, HCL, and pesinogen that are secreted by the epithelium tissues in the stomach

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Pepsin

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an enzyme that begins the hydrolysis of protein by splitting the polypeptide chains of proteins into smaller units

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lacteals

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A tiny lymph vessel extending into the core of an intestinal villus and serving as the destination for absorbed chylomicrons

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emulsification

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The process that keeps tiny fat droplets from coalescing. performed by bile salts. permitts fat to pass directly into intestinal cells and into the bloodstream

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gastrovascular cavity

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An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body