Ancient Greece: The Persian Wars (490-479 Bc)

Front 1

Battle of Salmis

Back 1

480 BC
Greeks
Xerxes warships blocked both ends of the channel;
Smaller and faster Greek ships

Front 2

Important Athens leader

Back 2

Themistocles
Came up with battle plan to defeat Xerxes
abandon Athens and fight a sea

Front 3

Important Persian Leaders/kings

Back 3

Darius
Xerxes

Front 4

What was the false message given to Xerxes?

Back 4

Told him how the Greek fleet was planning to slip away through the narrow channel of the Bay of Salamis

Front 5

Battle of Thermopylas

Back 5

7,000 Greeks+300 Spartans blocked the Persian troops passage.
Held them for three days
Traitor told the Xerxes of another passage
Spartans stayed; Athenians retreated
All killed

Front 6

Importance of War

Back 6

Greeks formed an alliance called Delian League
Greek city-states felt sense of pride
Athens emerged as a leader
Prestiage of victory over the Persians adn the wealth of the Athenian empire set the stage for the "golden age."

Front 7

Chronology
When was the Persian War?

Back 7

490-479 BC

Front 8

Who was Hippias?

Back 8

Greek who was banished and became an advisory to King Darius of Persia

Front 9

Who was General Miltiades?

Back 9

Athens (Greek) Commander who devised a plan to defeat King Darius.
--few men in the center and heavily armed the sides or wings.
--charged the Greek Army

Front 10

Vocabulary
trieres

Back 10

ram on the front of Greek vessels. The ram was heavy metal

Front 11

Famous People

Pheidippides

Back 11

entrusted with honor of running from Marathon to Athens to tell them the Athenians had defeated King Darius
Died after delivering the message.
Told Athens that Darius was coming to Athens.
Rejoice! The victory is ours!
Athenians constructed hugh mound of earth to honor those who died. Honored by the first martharon.

Front 12

Chronology

Battle of Marathon

Back 12

490 BC
22 miles from Athens
General Miltiades defeated the Persians. Persian commander was Dotis
Over 6,000 Persians died and less than 200 Greeks lost their lives.

Front 13

Essay
Two reason for Greek victory?

Back 13

1. Greeks had better armor/weaponry for hand to hand combat
helmets, shieds, breast plates, stronger swords.
2. Greeks had better cause to fight for freedom.

Front 14

Essay

Two additional reasons for Greek victory?

Back 14

3. Used geography to their advantage. Created a small battlefield between the hills and the sea and drove the Persians into the marshes.
4. Greek strategy of weakeing the center and strengthing the flanks so they could surround the Persians and use hand to hand combat.

Front 15

Chronology

Battle of Thermopylae?

Back 15

480 BC

Front 16

Mix and Match

Lionidas

Back 16

Brave Spartan King in charge of Greek forces.
Decided on a plan of action to use his own trusted 300 men to fight Xerxes.
His order of the day: Breakfast here, supper in Hades (the underworld).

Front 17

Mix and Match

Xerxes

Back 17

King of Persian.
Fought the battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC

Front 18

Chronology

Two reasons for Persian victory at the Battle of Thermopylae

Back 18

1. Outnumbered the Greeks 50-1 (300,000 vs 7,000)
2. Ephialtes told the Persians of the Anopia pass so they could surround the Spartans

Front 19

Chronology

Battle of Salamis

Back 19

480 BC

Front 20

Reason for Greek victory

Back 20

Greeks had smaller, faster ships with a medal lining to sink the Persian ships easier.
2. The Greeks sent a false messge to get the Persian navy into a smaller ares in Salamis so they could ram and sink the bigger, slower Persian boats

Front 21

Persian Immortals

Back 21

best soldies in theentire persian army
numbered 10,000
Xerxes special guard with a golden applie attached to the end of his spear.

Front 22

Battle of Thermopylae

Back 22

narrow mountain pass
7,000 Greeks including 300 Spartans fought Xerxes and his 300,000 men
--Ephialtes (traitor) told Persians of secret path around the pass

Front 23

Famous People

Themistocles

Back 23

Naval commander convinced Athens to evacuate the city and fight at sea.
Position their fleet in a narrow channel near the island of Salamis, south of Athens

Front 24

Vocabulary

column

Back 24

stone pillar that supports a temple
Most beautiful of all architectural supports, where adapted by the Romans from three principal Greek styles or orders.

Front 25

tapered

Back 25

not the same thickness at all points

Front 26

colonnade

Back 26

row of columns

Front 27

cella

Back 27

the interior room of any Greek temple

Front 28

entablature/lintel

Back 28

the part of the temple between the roof and the capital of the columns

Front 29

frieze

Back 29

relief sculpture on the Entablature of a temple

Front 30

capital

Back 30

the section of stone on top of a column

Front 31

Doric

Back 31

capital is one square stone slab
This is the oldest, the most substantial and the heaviest. It has not base and a very simple capital or top.

Front 32

ionic

Back 32

capital is a volute (curved)

Next in weight i the Ionic, which is furneshed with a base and which has a capital decorated with volutes--spiral, scroll-shaped ornaments.

Front 33

Corinthian

Back 33

capital is a flower/basket

The Corinthian is the lightest; it has a base and a deep capital ornamented with acanthus leaves and volutes.

Front 34

volute

Back 34

a scroll shaped ornament used as the capital for Ionic columns

Front 35

pediment

Back 35

the triangular section of a temple above the entablature

Front 36

gabled

Back 36

sloping, not flat

Front 37

Partheon

Back 37

Doric order
earliest of the three orderse developed by Greeks.
--simple column without a base, topped by a broad plain capital.

Front 38

Chronology

Ionic

Back 38

--second order
Used columns which were more slender and highter than the Doric.
--elaborate base and a capital carved into double scrolls that looke like ram horns.
--more elegant order than Doric
Small temples liek shrine to Athena Nike--Acropolis (427-424 BC) and later on the Erechtheum, a temple opposite the Partheon.

Front 39

Chronology

Erechtheum

Back 39

Temple with Ionic columns and colums carved to look like female figures

Front 40

Symbolic architectural style of Partheon and the Temple of Athena Nike and Erechtheum

Back 40

Combined the Dorian people of western Greek mainland and the Ionians of teh coast of Asin adross the Aegean Sea

Front 41

Acropolis

Back 41

The high hill in Athens where famous monuments were built after the Persian War

Front 42

Essay

Style of the Parthenon

Back 42

carefully planned to balanc harmouius and beauty.
Two rooms--treasury room of the Delian League
--Main room housed the collosal gold and ivory statue of Athena