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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Main Species of Vine |
Vitis Vinifera |
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North American Vines |
Vitis Labrusca, Vitis Riparia, Vitis Berlandieri, Vitis Rupestris |
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Main structure of the Vine |
Main Shoots, one year old wood, permanent wood, Roots |
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Structure of the Main shoots |
Stem, buds, leaves, lateral shoots, tendrils and inforesences/grape bunches - collectively The Canopy |
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When do the main shoots grow |
In spring from the buds of the previous year |
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Describe the stem |
The stem is the structure that all other structures are attached. It transports water and solutes(including sugars and minerals) to the other parts of the structure. It also stores carbohydrates. |
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What are the swelling on the stem and the lengths between them |
Nodes, internodes |
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What happens to the shoot in winter |
The leaves fall from the Vine and lignify (become woody and rigid) from this point are called canes |
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What is the leaf stalk called |
Petiole |
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Describe the types of bud |
Compound bud : (latent) form in one growing season and break open the next. Prompt bud : form and break open same growing season. They form on the main shoot and form lateral shoots. |
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Main functions of Lateral shoots |
- Allow the plant to continue growing if main shoot damaged. - Can provide addition leave for photosynthesis if near the ends of the main shoot. |
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Why can lateral shoots be undesirable at the base of the main shoot |
Impede air flow and can shade the fruit too much |
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What is know as a second crop |
The inforescences that can form from the lateral shoots. These become grapes later than those on the main shoot and so ripen later. If picked at the same time (higher in acidity, lower in potential alcohol, unripe tannins aromas/flavours |
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Tendrils |
Support the Vine. They curl round trellis wires and keep the canopy in place. |
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Describe the Leaves |
Main site of photosynthesis. Stomata - pores on the underside of the leaf allows water to diffuse out and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis to enter. |
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Describe transpiration |
A process which draws water and nutrients from the soil up through the Vine to the leaves as the water diffuses from the leaf. |
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Parts of grape berry |
Pulp - majority of the grapes weight and volume. Contains water sugars acids and some aroma compounds/precursors. Skin - contains high concentration of aroma compound/precursors, tannins and colour compounds. Seeds - mature inside the grape turning yellow to deal brown. Contain oil, tannins and the embryo which grow new plants. |
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Inflorescences |
Cluster of flowers on the stem which become bunch of grapes at fruit set. (Usually between one and three on each main shoot) |
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What is the waxy coating on the surface of the grape |
Bloom |
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Describe one year old wood |
One year old wood is the main shoots from the previous growing season that were kept at pruning. The one year old wood supports the compound buds which will break into the main shoots for upcoming growing season. |
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What is the permanent wood |
These are the woody parts of the Vine that are older that 1year including the trunk. Some vines have horizontal arms of permanent wood know as cordons. The trunk and cordons provide support for the Vine and transport water and solutes to the different parts of the Vine. They also store carbohydrates and nutrients. |
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Roots |
Important for anchoring the Vine and also uptake of water and nutrients. They also store carbohydrates and produce hormones important to the grapes ripening and vine growth. |
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Describe the ways vines are propagated. |
Cuttings - section of a vine shoot is planted and grows as a new plant. Layering - uses shoots from established neighbouring vine to produce a new vine.a cane is bent down in the ground with the tip point up out of the ground the buried section takes roots, once established the cane linking the new growth to original plant is cut off. |
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Benefits of cutting propagation |
- Many small cuttings can be taken from a vine and propagated at the same time. - Permits the use of root stock. - can be treated in nurseries to avoid the spread of disease. |
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Disadvantages of layering |
- The new vine will have no protection against phylloxera - Have the qualities that a choice of rootstock offers (i.e yeild) |
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Clones |
Vine with particularly favourable characteristic can be selected for propagation by cuttings in order to achieve those characteristics. Know as clonal selection with each of the different vines being known as clones. |
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Why plant a number of different clones of same variety |
- more diversity in the fruit potentially creating a wine more complex and balanced - less susceptible to disease |
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Describe mass selection |
Propagation technique that requires grape growers to take cuttings cultivate from their own vineyards, from several vine (normally best performing) selected after years of monitoring. |
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Pro/Cons of mass selection |
Pros: - Diversity of planting material in the vineyard/region. - uses unique planting material which can enhance fruit quality and/or yield. Cons: - selection and monitoring of vines can be costly in time and labour. - if parent vine is infected with disease likely to be passed on to new vine, so can cause the spread of disease. |
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New grape varieties |
The pollen from the stamens of one vine is transferred to the stamens of another vine cross fertilization occurs. Grapes develop and the seeds from these grapes are grown. |
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What is a 'cross' |
New grape variety with parent vines of the same species i.e pinotage (pinot noir and cinsault) |
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What is a hybrid |
New grape variety with two parent vine from different species i.e. Vidal Blanc (Ugni blanc V.vinifera and seibel family american parentage) |
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What is the name for grapes with coloured pulp |
Teinturier |
