Anatomy Of Cranial Vault

Front 1

what bony markings denote the divisions between anterior, middle, and posterior in the inferior cranial fossae?

Back 1

between anterior and middle is the lesser wings of the sphenoid. Between the middle and posterior is the petrous portions of the temporal bones.

Front 2

the anterior portion of the cranial fossa contains what?>

Back 2

frontal lobe

Front 3

the middle portion of the cranial fossa holds what?

Back 3

temporal lobes

Front 4

the posterior portion of the cranial fossa holds what?

Back 4

the occipital lobe and the cerebellum

Front 5

from anterior to posterior, what are the foramina of the inferior cranial fossae and what travels through them?

Back 5

foramina of the cribiform plate (CN I)
optic canal (CN II and opthalmic artery)
superior orbital fissure (CN III, IV, VI, and V1)
foramen rotundem (V2)
foramen ovale (CN V3)
foramen spinosum (middle meningeal artery)
foramen lacerum (cartillage)
internal auditory meatus (VII, VIII)
jugular foramen (IX, X, XI and origin of internal jugular vein)
hypoglosseal canal (XII)
foramen magnum

Front 6

1. crista galli
2. cribiform plate
3. lesser wing of sphenoid
4. greater wing of sphenoid
5. anterior clinoid process
6. hypophyseal fossa
7. posterior clinoid process
8. squamous part of temporal bone
9. petrous part of temporal bone
10. clivus
11. groove for internal carotid artery
12. groove for middle meningeal artery
13. groove for sigmoid sinus
14. groove for transverse sinus

Back 6

label the processes and fossae

Front 7

what remains constant between humans and other primates in terms of neural anatomy?

Back 7

types or classes of neurons, types or classes of synapses, and neurotransmitters

Front 8

what are differences in terms of neural anatomy between humans and other primates?

Back 8

humans have a larger brain : body mass ratio, more neurons, and more neural connections (especially in areas of tertiary association of the cerebral cortex).

Front 9

which layer of the dura mater contains periosteum? which layer is found only in the cranial vault, not in the spinal cord?

Back 9

the outer layer is periosteum abd is only found in the cranial vault

Front 10

what would you find in the subarachnoid space?

Back 10

arteries to the brain, CSF and arachnoid trabeculae

Front 11

the brain is very easily damaged and reshaped because it lacks what?

Back 11

connective tissue.

Front 12

what are the dura mater reflections and what is their orientations?

Back 12

the falx cerebri seperates left and right cerebrum. the tentorium cerebelli seperates the cerebrum and cerebellum. the falx cerebelli seperates the left and right inferior cerebellum. the tentorial incisure is the rim of the tentorium cerebelli. the diaphragma sellae is the "roof" of the pituitary.

Front 13

the meningeal arteries follow what structure and then supply blood to what structure?

Back 13

they follow the dura mater and then supply blood to the bone of the cranial vault

Front 14

the pterion is superficial to what structure?

Back 14

a branch of the middle meningeal artery

Front 15

1. ethmodial
2. accessory middle meningeal (inconsistant)
3. middle
4. associated pharyngeal
5. occipital (mastoid)
6. vertebral

Back 15

label the arteries

Front 16

what cranial nerve travels through two foramina in the cranial fossa?

Back 16

CN XI goes through foramin magnum and jugular foramen

Front 17

what two types of nerves supply the dura mater?

Back 17

sympathetics from the vessels and sensory nerves (associated with pain)

Front 18

what nerves supply sensory information from the dura mater?

Back 18

the trigeminal C1 - C3 (infratentorial post. cranial fossa) via CN X and XII.

Front 19

what arteries supply blood to the brain?

Back 19

the internal carotid, the vertebral arteries which join to give rise to the basilar artery

Front 20

what arteries make up the arterial circle anastamosis before the brain is penetrated?

Back 20

the basilar artery and the internal carotid artery

Front 21

how do the cerebral veins compare to other veins?

Back 21

they are tougher with thicker walls. They are non expandable and non collapsable

Front 22

how does CSF drain into the venous sinuses

Back 22

arachnoid villi are one way valves that allow drainage from subarachnoid space to the sinuses

Front 23

what is the last sinus in drainage pattern that leads to jugular foramen?

Back 23

sigmoid sinus

Front 24

1. sup. sagittal
2. inf. sagittal
3. straight
4. confluens
5. occipital
6. transverse
7. sigmoid

Back 24

label the sinuses

Front 25

what vein drains all the structures of the brain stem and cerebellum and then leads to the straight sinus?

Back 25

great cerebral vein

Front 26

what is clinically significant about the junction of the great cerebral vein and the straight sinus?

Back 26

it is very fragile, especially in newborns

Front 27

1.sphenoparietal
2. sup. petrosal
3. inf. petrosal
4. transverse
5. confluens
6. straight
7. sigmoid
8. basilar
9. intercavernous
10. cavernous

Back 27

name the venous sinuses

Front 28

what venous sinus drains into the vertebral veins?

Back 28

basilar sinus

Front 29

why are brain surgeons limited in terms of pulling parts of the brain?

Back 29

could bust a vein

Front 30

what artery is found in the cavernous sinus?

Back 30

internal carotid

Front 31

what are the regions of the internal carotid artery?

Back 31

cervical, petrous, cavernous, and supraclinoid

Front 32

what strucutres are found in the cavernous sinus?

Back 32

CN III, IV, V1, V2, and VI, pituitary gland and internal carotid artery

Front 33

epidural hemorrhage usually is from what arteries?

Back 33

middle meningeal

Front 34

what are two common brain herniations seen with epidural hemorrhage?

Back 34

uncal herniation (over edge of tentorium cerebelli with brainstem displacement) and tonsillar herniation (cerebellum in foramen magnum)

Front 35

what is the sequence of detrimental events seen in epidural hemmorrhage with brain herniation?

Back 35

ipsilateral CN III compression (pupil fixed and dilated), CN III opthalmoplegia, coma, contralateral CN III compression (pupil dilated and fixed), cerebellar tonsil herniation into foramen magnum, compression of medulla and vital centers, death................

Front 36

what vessels usually cause subdural hemmorrages and what population is usually effected?

Back 36

veins and dural sinuses usually cause this in the elderly bc their veins have shrunk and become tense.

Front 37

what usually causes a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Back 37

aneurysm (artery pops)