Anterior And Posterior Triangles Of The Neck

Front 1

1. occipital
2. post. auricular
3. transcervical
4. suprascapular
5. omohyoid muscle
6. anterior jugular
7. communicating branch
8. external jugular
9. C. facial
10. ant. facial
11. retro mandibular
12. maxillary
13. superficial temporal
14. supratrochlear
15. supraorbital

Back 1

label the veins

Front 2

what does the investing fascia of the neck encircle?

Back 2

the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid

Front 3

what does the carotid sheath encircle?

Back 3

the internal jugular vein, common carotid artery and the vagus nerve, as well as deep cervical lymph nodes

Front 4

what does the pretracheal fascia encircle?

Back 4

the thyroid glands, trachea and esophagus

Front 5

what does the prevertebral fascia encircle?

Back 5

most of the neck muscles and vertebrae

Front 6

what are the borders of the anterior and posterior triangles f the neck respectively?

Back 6

the anterior borders are the madnible superiorly, the midline of the neck medially, and the medially part of the sternocleinomastoid laterally. The posterior triangle borders are the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid anteriorly, the anterior edge of the trapezius posteriorly and the clavicle inferiorly

Front 7

what are the roofs and floors of the anterior and posterior triangles respectively?

Back 7

the floor of the anterior is the pretracheal fascia and the floor of the posterior is the prevertebral while the roof for both is the investing fascia.

Front 8

the subcutaneous tissue of the neck AKA the superficial cervical fascia contains what?

Back 8

the platysma

Front 9

What is the major pathway for spread of infection in the neck?

Back 9

the retropharyngeal space

Front 10

The anterior triangle of the neck is divided into what subsequent triangles and what is contained in each?

Back 10

The submandibular triangle contains the submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, parts of facial artery and vein
the submental triangle contains the submental lymph nodes and small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein.
The carotid triangle contains the carotid artery, branches, internal jugular and branches, vagus, external carotid and branches, hypoglossal nerve and superior root of ansa cervicalis, spinal accessory nerve, thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, deep cervical lymph nodes, branches of cervical plexus
the muscular triangle contains the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles, and thyroid and parathyroid glands

Front 11

The posterior triangle of the neck is divided into what regions and what is contained in those regions?

Back 11

the occipital triangle contains external jugular, spinal accessory, trunks of brachial plexus, transverse cervical artery, and cervical lymph nodes
the subclavian triangle contains the subclavian artery and vein, suprascapular artery, and suprascapular nodes.

Front 12

what is the action and innervation of the platysma?

Back 12

it makes the corner of the lips go down in a frown and draws the skin of the neck superiorly when the teeth are clenched

Front 13

what are the actions and innervation of the sternocleidomastoid?

Back 13

unilateral contraction results in laterally flexing neck and tilting head superiorly in that position. Bilateral contraction results in extending the neck at the atlanto occipital joint, jutting chin forward and touches chin to the manubrium. Motor innervation is via the spinal accessory nerve and C2 and C3 for pain and proprioception

Front 14

what are the four muscles seen in the floor of the posterior triangle (in order from superior to inferior)? What muscle can be seen when the sternocleidomastoid is reflected antero-medially?

Back 14

splenius, levator scapulae, middle scalene and posterior scalene. The anterior scalene can be seen if the sternocleidomastoid is reflected.

Front 15

What important nerve runs transversly through the middle of the posterior triangle?

Back 15

the spinal accessory

Front 16

Imagine the cervical plexus as a clock. Name all the nerves starting at 12 o'clock and continuing closckwise.

Back 16

great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular nerves, spinal accessory (only motor and only nerve in plexus that is deep to the investing fascia), and the lesser occipital.

Front 17

what are the branches of the subclavian from medial to lateral?

Back 17

the vertebral artery, the thyrocervical trunk (superiorly) and internal thoracic (inferiorly), and the costocervical trunk

Front 18

what are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Back 18

the suprascapular, the transverse cervical, and the inferior thyroid

Front 19

what are the branches of the external carotid from inferior to superior?

Back 19

superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior articular, superficial temporal, and maxillary

Front 20

where is the mylohyoid and what are its actions and innervations?

Back 20

connects to mandible and hyoid, and it elevates the hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking; it is innervated by the motor branch of the mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal)

Front 21

where is the glenohyoid and what is its innervation and actions?

Back 21

it connects the mandible and the hyoid, it is innervated by C1 via the hypoglossal, and it shortens floor of mouth and widens the pharynx

Front 22

where is the stylohyoid, what are its actions and innervation?

Back 22

it connects the styloid process of the temporal to the hyoid. it elevates and retracts the hyoid thus elongating the floor of the mouth and it is innervated by the stylohyoid branch of the facial nerve.

Front 23

where is the digastric located, what is its action and innervation?

Back 23

the anterior belly originates from the mandible then it travles under the fibrous sling of the digastric which is attached to the hyoid and becomes the posterior belly which attaches to the mastoid process of temporal bone. It depresses mandible against resistance, elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking. the anterior belly is innervated by the mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal) while the posterior belly is innervated by the facial nerve.

Front 24

the sternohyoid is located where, does what and is innervated by...

Back 24

located between hyoid and clavicle/manubrium, depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing, and is innervated by C1-C3 by a branch of the ansa cervicalis

Front 25

the omohyoid is located where, does what and is innervated by...

Back 25

descends inferiorly from the hyoid (superior belly) and through the fascial sling on the clavicle to the scapula (inferior belly). It depresses, retracts and steadies the hyoid. It is innervated by C1-C3 via a branch of the ansa cervicalis

Front 26

the sternothyroid is located where, does what, and is innervated by...

Back 26

between the thyroid cartilage and the posterior manubrium. It depresses the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by C2 and C3 via a branch of the ansa cervicalis

Front 27

the thyrohyoid is located where and does what and is inervated by?

Back 27

between the hyoid and the the thyroid cartilage. It depresses the hyoid and elevates the larynx via the C1 on the hypoglossal

Front 28

the costo-cervical trunk branches into what?

Back 28

the first posterior intercostal artery and the deep cervical artery, note that the deep cervical artery eventually anastamoses with the occipital artery

Front 29

from posterior to anterior, what nerves are deep to the posterior belly of the digastric?

Back 29

the spinal accessory, the vagus, and the hypoglossal

Front 30

how do sympathetic nerves get to the head and neck?

Back 30

by the plexuses they form on the carotid and vertebral arterial systems