American Politics Exam 2

Front 1

What is the primary principle of socialization?

Back 1

Family

Front 2

What are the three theories of socialization?

Back 2

Primary principle (family), structuring principle, age-cohort tendency

Front 3

The influence of an important external event in shaping the views of the generation pertaining to the theories of socialization?

Back 3

Age-cohort tendency

Front 4

The principle that believes that the political beliefs we learn as children Will most likely follow us into adulthood

Back 4

Primary Principle

Front 5

The process by which we develop our political values and opinions throughout our lives

Back 5

Socialization

Front 6

Family, religion, gender, generational events, race and ethnicity, class, peers, religion, and media are all examples of?

Back 6

Agents of socialization

Front 7

A consistent pattern of opinion on particular issues that stems from a core belief or set of beliefs

Back 7

Ideology

Front 8

Ideology is shaped through?

Back 8

Socialization

Front 9

Ideology shapes our opinions on issues and policies true/false?

Back 9

True

Front 10

The political rivalry of conservatives versus liberals is brought on by a different set of political ______

Back 10

ideologies

Front 11

Those opinions held by ordinary citizens that they are willing to express openly. Hugely affected by socialization and ideology.

Back 11

Public opinion

Front 12

In regards to public opinion, how firm your opinion?

Back 12

stability

Front 13

In regards to public opinion, the likelihood that public opinion will change, the speed with which the change would occur, and the likelihood that the new opinion would endure; likely to change

Back 13

Stability

Front 14

In regards to public opinion, and issue of importance to a person, or to the public in general; significance/importance

Back 14

Saliency

Front 15

In regards to public opinion, opinions and ideas that are in line with current policies

Back 15

Congruence

Front 16

A kind of polling where a small randomly selected sample of the population can be used to estimate the distribution of an attitude or opinion in the entire population with statistical confidence

Back 16

Probability polling

Front 17

In regards to probability pulling, a statistical calculation of the difference in results between the pole of randomly drawn sample and a pole of the entire population is?

Back 17

sampling error

Front 18

A type of pulling in which samples are not random due to the lack of population knowledge or discrepancies and participation levels

Back 18

Nonprobability polling

Front 19

Political public opinion researcher. Due to his correct prediction of the outcome of the 1936 selection, scientific opinion polls, which rely on the random selection of participants rather than their own self-selection, gained in Norma's credibility during this era

Back 19

George Gallup

Front 20

A in 1916, this conducted "staw" polls using unscientific manners to predict the outcom of elections. It's error was to use and unrepresentative samples to draw conclusions about the wider voting public.

Back 20

Literary digest. It's error was to use and unrepresentative samples to draw conclusions about the wider voting public.

Front 21

Regarding survey error, what kind of error involves the calculated statistical imprecision due to interviewing a random sample instead of the entire population. The margin of error provides an estimate of how much the results of the sample may differ due to chance when compared to what would have been found if the entire population was interviewed.

Back 21

sampling

Front 22

Regarding survey error, what kind of error or bias that occurs when surveys do not survey what they intended to measure. This type of error results from flaws in the instrument, question wording, question order, interviewer error, timing, question response options, etc. This is perhaps the most common and most problematic collection of errors faced by the polling industry.

Back 22

measurement

Front 23

Regarding survey error, which kind of error results from not being able to interview people who would be eligible to take the survey?

Back 23

Nonresponse

Front 24

In regarding Survey error, which kind of error is caused by the inability to contact portions of the population?

Back 24

Coverage

Front 25

A special type of pull that both attempts to skew public opinion about a candidate and provides information to campaigns about candidate strengths and weaknesses. Sometimes this is done by presenting survey respondents would have a federal situations and then asking them to gauge the importance of the hypothetical issue in determining their boat. At their best, These health gauge better priorities so that a campaign can better target it's message.

Back 25

Push polling

Front 26

What is the solution for survey error in polling?

Back 26

Waiting, or adjusting for sampling error

Front 27

An organization of individuals sharing common goals that attempt to influence governmental decisions

Back 27

Interest group

Front 28

James Madison and the"Federalist 10" is an example of the very first?

Back 28

Interest group

Front 29

What are the three types of interest groups?

Back 29

Membership groups, non-membership groups, government organizations

Front 30

To engage in face to face verbal or written persuasion with the officials by members of interest groups

Back 30

Lobbying

Front 31

What type of lobbyist:

Permanent employees of a group or organization who present the group's concerns and policy proposals to legislators, bureaucrats and other government officials. These include full-time lobbyists in the permanent employ of a group as well as managers, executives and other employees of the group or organization who perform other tasks in addition to lobbying government.

Back 31

in-house lobbyist

Front 32

What type of lobbyist: Temporary employees of a group hired specifically to present a group's concerns and proposals to legislators, bureaucrats, and other government officials during a legislative session or for a contractually arranged period of time.

Back 32

contract lobbyist

Front 33

What type of lobbyist:

Any person who tries to influence legislation on behalf of a special interest

Back 33

Citizen lobbyist

Front 34

Individuals or private interest groups to influence the decisions of government; in its original meaning it referred to efforts to influence the votes of legislators, generally in the lobby outside the legislative chamber are called

Back 34

Private lobbyists

Front 35

This lobbying act describes the activity of fundraisers who pool a large number of campaign contributions from political action committees (PACs) and individuals. Bundlers, who are often corporate CEOs, lobbyists, hedge fund managers or independently wealthy people, are able to funnel far more money to campaigns than they could personally give under campaign finance laws.

Back 35

bundling

Front 36

Which statue was enacted to control lobbyists, enacting rules requiring interest groups to be registered, limit gifts and donations, prohibition on "revolving door", and enacted an "This ad was paid for" legalese?

Back 36

Lobby Regulation Act

Front 37

Working to influence the elections of candidates who support the organizations issues is known as?

Back 37

Electioneering

Front 38

True or false: Public persuasion and grassroots lobbying involve conducting immediate campaign, Paying for billboards, films,'s and speakers to educate the public and conduct public relation campaigns

Back 38

True

Front 39

Direct action strategy by groups when they seek to secure defeat of the specific piece of legislation. One of these is _________, which involves using the court system to file lawsuits, But it's more time-consuming.

Back 39

Litigation

Front 40

Peaceful protest and civil disobedience including ticketing, marches, demonstration, sit-ins, boycotts, And other economic pressures used by groups to influence change are all examples of what kind of strategy of groups?

Back 40

Direct action

Front 41

Groups of like-minded individuals who whose primary interest is to win elections

Back 41

Political parties

Front 42

A _________ is meant to give voters a clear choice of candidates by establishing priorities and policy differences

Back 42

Responsible party model

Front 43

Political parties are not required by the US or state constitutions. True or false?

Back 43

True

Front 44

Political parties have been a part of American politics since almost the beginning. They formed out of tradition and because our natural divisions in American society. The American two party system creates an adversarial understanding of politics and government true or false?

Back 44

True

Front 45

Name the stratarchy in correct order.

Back 45

National, State, County, Precinct

Front 46

Temporary or Permanent party structure?
- Not ongoing, lasts hours or day
- Includes primaries and conventions

Back 46

Temporary

Front 47

Temporary or Permanent party structure?
- Not ongoing, last hours or day
- Primaries and conventions

Back 47

Permanent

Front 48

Temporary or Permanent party structure?

-Includes Precint Chairs, including County Executive Committee and a State Executive Committee.

Back 48

Permanent

Front 49

There are two types of party structures under the two party system. What are they?

Back 49

Temporary, Permanent

Front 50

When does the primary elections take place? If needed, runoffs take place when?

Back 50

The first Tuesday in March on even years; runoffs are the first Tuesday in April

Front 51

The purpose of this type of election is to select a party's general election nominees, as well as precinct and county chairs.

Back 51

Primary elections

Front 52

Each state executive committee contains one man and one woman from each of the 31 Senatorial districts. Who are they elected by?

Back 52

State convention delegates

Front 53

Occurs on the day of the primary election, and is open to any person who voted in the primary election. Here people submit and debate resolutions, and adopt resolutions to go to county and district conventions.

Back 53

Precinct convention

Front 54

When do county and district convention occur?

Back 54

The third Saturday after the first Tuesday in March.

Front 55

Occurs on the 3rd Saturday after the 1st Tuesday in March, where people elect delegates for state and district chair, and adopt resolutions to go to state.

Back 55

County and District conventions

Front 56

Occurs in June of even years, where people certify primary winners, set the rules and platforms, adopt platforms, select delegates, And select committee members and 38 electors.

Back 56

State conventions

Front 57

And which convention are resolutions adopted to go to county and district convention? At what conventions are resolutions adopted to go to state?

Back 57

Precinct; County

Front 58

How many electors are selected at state conventions?

Back 58

38

Front 59

During what convention does the official selection of presidential and vice presidential candidates take place?

Back 59

National convention

Front 60

To serve as a release valve, to facilitate realignment and the alignment, just split vote, and to raise awareness of issues are all roles of?

Back 60

Third parties

Front 61

What are the three types of 3rd parties?

Back 61

Issue oriented, ideological, splinter

Front 62

If we were to look at parties ___________ --the formal statement of its principles and policy Objectives -- we would find it stands on all sorts of issues: war, abortion-rights, environmental protection, minimum wage, Etc.

Back 62

Platform

Front 63

A shift in party allegiances or electoral support.

A long-term (30 years) change in the nature of parties. Include changes in issues and majority status

Back 63

Realignment

Front 64

The situation in which fewer voters support the two major political parties, instead identifying themselves as independent, or splitting a ticket between candidates from more than one party.

Back 64

Dealignment

Front 65

When one chamber of Congress is controlled by the same party that controls the White House, while the other chambers is controlled by the other party is called?

Back 65

Truncated Government

Front 66

The situation that exist when Congress is controlled by one party in the presidency by the other is called?

Back 66

Divided government

Front 67

How many party systems are there?

Back 67

6

Front 68

Name the 3 leaders of the first party system.

Back 68

Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison

Front 69

Who is the presidency in 1828?

Back 69

Andrew Jackson

Front 70

Who all supported limited government, hard money policy, proslavery, and Indian removal act?

Back 70

Andrew Jackson and the Jacksonian Democrats

Front 71

Who were the Whig party's two Maine congressional proponents?

Back 71

Daniel Webster and Henry Clay

Front 72

What political party's key issues were economic development, and often sought military leaders?

Back 72

Whig

Front 73

Harrison, Tyler, Taylor, and Fillmore were all presidents belonging to what political party?

Back 73

Whig

Front 74

Political party whose platform advocated widespread governmental reform and sought to limit the power of political bosses. Pres. Roosevelt ran for president as this political party

Back 74

Progressive party

Front 75

The first party system was between the _____________ v ___________

Back 75

Federalist party v democratic-republican party

Front 76

The second party system is responsible for two new parties, What are they?

Back 76

Jacksonian Democrats and Whigs

Front 77

Which system disappears because of

Failing to compromise over slavery, emergency of third parties, the free soil party, the American or know- nothing party, and the two parties either disappear or transform?

Back 77

Second party system

Front 78

What political party did Abraham Lincoln side with?

Back 78

Republican

Front 79

The greatest composed of Southern Democrats, northern city dwellers, immigrants, the poor, Catholics, labor union members, blue-collar workers, African-Americans, and women that'll left in Franklin Roosevelt to the presidency four times

Back 79

New Deal Coalition

Front 80

Franklin Roosevelt's broad social welfare program in which the government would bear the responsibility of providing a "safety net" to protect the most disadvantaged members of society

Back 80

New deal

Front 81

How do the Democrats and Republicans look after the Civil War?

Back 81

African-Americans heavily sided with the Republican Party after Pres. Lincoln was elected. Political parties were very strong during this time.

Front 82

Jeffersonian Republicans would later be known as?

Back 82

Democratic-Republicans

Front 83

Democratic-Republicans are today known as?

Back 83

Republicans

Front 84

The growing liberalism of the Democratic Party in the 1960s and 1970s attracted newly minted voting groups, republican Pres. Ronald Reagan's popularity attracted do you aligned Southerners, Northerners moving to the South during the oil boom years in the 1970s and early 1980s changes the party faces, and weakening memories of the reconstructions and the Civil War helps Republicans. All of these are causes of?

Back 84

The latest party system

Front 85

A historical approach politics, a past legacy of restricted access to the ballots, and other social and economic reasons are all causes for?

Back 85

Low voter turnout

Front 86

What do the poll tax payment, literacy test, grandfather clause, annual registration, white primaries, and woman's lack of suffrage have in common?

Back 86

Past restrictions that discourage people to vote

Front 87

True or false: in order to vote, he must go through an annual registration.

Back 87

True

Front 88

Socioeconomic factors like educational level, family income, and minority status can all affect voter turnout. True or false?

Back 88

True

Front 89

In an open/closed primary, voters can vote in either primary and usually decide which one they will vote on the day of the primary election

Back 89

Open

Front 90

In an open/closed primary, voters must be registered in the party at the primary that they attend. This excludes independents

Back 90

Closed

Front 91

A form of campaign-finance that help wealthy donors and candidates more, Help incumbents more, and often comes from outside the candidates district. Interest groups heavily use these to contribute to campaigns and influence politics.

Back 91

PACs

Front 92

PACs must register with the FEC within how many days? Donations over $___ must be named. In order to receive, candidates must register with the _________.

Back 92

10; 50; Texas ethics commission`

Front 93

The drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit an incumbent, a political party, or another group.

Back 93

Gerrymandering

Front 94

In Texas, in order to vote you must be registered _____ days before the election.

Back 94

30

Front 95

Two-party states experience higher voter turnout. True or false.

Back 95

True

Front 96

Which type of ballot: All members of the party are listed together under the party name, and encourages straight ticket voting and the coattail effect.

Back 96

Party column ballot

Front 97

Which type of ballot: Candidates are grouped by the office they are vying for

Back 97

Office block pallet

Front 98

American uses which kind of ballot?

Back 98

Australia Ballot

Front 99

Which court case lessened the requirements of PACs to make contributions?

Back 99

Citizens United v FEC

Front 100

For tax purposes, donations for campaigns are often classified as _____ or _______ in the tax codes

Back 100

527, 501(C)4

Front 101

How old do you have to be to be president or vice president? How many years must you be a resident of the United states for?

Back 101

35; 14

Front 102

True or false: the vice president can be from the same state as the president

Back 102

False

Front 103

How old must you be to become a senator? How many years must you be a citizen? How old must you be to become a Representative? How many years must you be a citizen be a citizen?

Back 103

30 years old, 9 years; 25 years old, 7 years

Front 104

Which type of ballot encourages straight ticket voting and the coattail effect?

Back 104

Party column

Front 105

Voter participation is lowest/highest in states of the old south?

Back 105

Lowest

Front 106

And election in which voters in a state can vote for or against a measure proposed by the state legislature

Back 106

Referendum

Front 107

Casting a Ballot in advance by mail in situations where illness, travel, or other circumstances prevent voters from voting in their precinct

Back 107

Absentee voting

Front 108

Meeting of party members held to select delegates to the national convention

Back 108

Caucuses

Front 109

A type of primary in which both parties ballots are available in The voting booth, and voters select one on which to register their preferences

Back 109

Open primary

Front 110

A type of primary in which voting in a party primary is limited to members of that party

Back 110

Closed primary

Front 111

Good Tuesday in early March on which the most primary elections are held, many of them in southern states

Back 111

Super Tuesday

Front 112

A method of evaluating the candidates in which voters evaluate independent candidates and decide whether to support them based on their past performance

Back 112

Retrospective voting

Front 113

A method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidate who best represents their views

Back 113

Prospective voting

Front 114

The proportion of eligible voters who actually voted

Back 114

Turnout rate

Front 115

Presidential campaigns began with the primary process, continue through the national party conventions, proceed to the general election campaign and boating, and end with the?

Back 115

Electoral college vote

Front 116

Political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend unlimited some independent from the campaign, yet influencing the outcomes of elections

Back 116

Super PACs

Front 117

The phenomenon by which candidates running for a lower level office such as city council benefit in an election from the popularity of the top-of-ticket nominee

Back 117

Coattail effect

Front 118

An electoral system in which the candidate who receives the most votes wins that office, even if that total is not a majority

Back 118

Winner takes all

Front 119

A theory that some individuals decide the costs of voting are not worth the effort when compared to the benefits

Back 119

Rational abstention thesis