Air Law 2 (Exam Heads-Up)

Front 1

How is IFR is diff to VFR?

Back 1

a. IFR is flight conducted IAW instrument flightrules

b. VFR is flight conducted IAW visual flight rules

Front 2

How IMC differs from VMC, what terms mean to us

Back 2

a. IMC means met conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud and ceiling less than the minima specified forVMC

b. VMC – better than the specified minima

Front 3

Simulated IMC – how is it applied?

Back 3

a. Any portion of sortie flying with sole referenceto instruments (SOP 300 – need 2 crew members to simulate IMC)

Front 4

Not below altitudes - what they look like on plates

Back 4

Front 5

whatterrain clearances our MSAs give us?

Back 5

i. 1000ft

ii. 2000ftover mountainous terrain iii. 3000ftover volcanoes classified hazard level 1

Front 6

What category are we?

Back 6

B. Nice one!

Front 7

How does our category (B) affect our circling approaches?

Back 7

a. Within 2.66nm from all thresholds

b. This will give you 295ft min obstacle clearance

c. Max circling speed 135KIAS

d. There will be a Circling MDA on plate

Front 8

Separationbetween self and others in different types of airspace

Back 8

Class A – IFR from IFR

Class C – IFR from IFR, VFR, SVFR (SVFR from SVFR when vis < 5km)

Class D – IFR from IFR and SVFR, (SVFR from SVFR when vis < 5km)

Class G - Not provided

Front 9

What are the Different methods of horizontal sep?

Back 9

a. Longitudinal – time based e.g. depart at spectime, lose time in transit, hold for spec time etc

b. Lateral – maintaining outside area of conflictusing navaids and margin of error

c. Radar

d. Geographical – Geo references, under 6000ftonly, need to carry a VMC

Front 10

Under what conditions can you provide your own separation in VMC?

Back 10

You can provide your own separation from one other IFRflight in VMC provided that:

1. The pilot requests it

1. Class D airspace only

2. Day only

3. Radar control service is not available

4. During a climb/descent below 10,000ft AMSL

5. Other pilot agrees

6. Essential Traffic info is passed

7. Both a/cs are on the same ATC frequency

Front 11

What is MILSEP?

Back 11

Operations at less than the promulgated IFR separation minimums from other military ACs or formations.

Front 12

Whats the difference between primary and secondary radar, and what kind of separation they can give?

Back 12

-Primary:

-Sends signal out, gets reflected and bounces back.

-When radar separation is being applied between controlled flights, the minimum horizontal separation is 5NM (except where wake turb is a factor)

-Secondary:

-Sends signal out, Mode C/S transponder catches it, sends a reply back.

-Sep may be reduced to 3NM when within 60nm of AA, Te Weraraiti, OH, WN, CH

Also...

-When two aircraft on reciprocal tracks have passed each other and their radar position symbols are separated (their blips no longer overlap on the screen), you are deemed to be separated.

Front 13

Radar vectors. What's all that about?! F**K!

Back 13

-Controller instructs the pilot to steer a mag heading

-more than 180deg, will repeat turn direction twice

- Rate 1 turns

- "Radar Terrain" = they will provide you with terrain clearance, 1000ft nominal, 2000ft over mountainous areas.

-Termination: will be told to resume own navigation.

-Speeds could be specified.

Front 14

Radar cloud breaks. How do they work?

Back 14

- Radar controller vectors the aircraft into safe let down areas and clears the aircraft to descend to a specified minimum altitude using Radar terrain.

- Crews should not request a radar cloud break unless reported ceiling is at least 2500ft.

- Standard: get AC to 5nm finals or 3nm initials for B&B

Front 15

Purpose of IFR departures?

Back 15

- Allow IFR flights to safely depart an airfield in IMC

- To get an aircraft going en route with minimal delay.

Front 16

Climb gradients.

Minimum?

Bordering two sectors?

Crossing into a new sector?

Prior to leaving an evaluated climb sector, you must be...?

Back 16

minimum = 3.3% (200ft/NM)

Bordering two sectors - apply lowest

Crossing into a new sector? Apply highest

Prior to leaving an evaluated sector you must be:

1. Established on an evaluated route; or

2. Established on climb above VORSEC steps; or

3. Established under radar control at or above minimum radar terrain sep; or

4. At or above the approved area's MSA.

Front 17

EXTRA: 5 types of IFR departures?

Back 17

1. Visual departure (by day only, maintaining own terrain clearance visually to applicable MSA)

2. Published instrument departure (SIDs...)

3. Climb on track above DME or VORSEC chart steps (pie chart thing)

4. Specified track or radar heading within an evaluated climb sector

5. Radar control departure (i.e. vectoring)

Front 18

For a SID,

Min/max speed?

climb gradient?

AOB?

When can you commence turn?

Obstacle clearance design?

Back 18

Max IAS = 165KIAS

Min climb gradient = 3.3%

AOB = 15deg

Climb on centreline to 400ft before turn (unless different on plate)

Obstacle clearance design: From a point 16ft above end of runway.

Front 19

Max IAS for a holding pattern?

Back 19

Below 14,000ft: 170kt

14,00 - FL200: 240kt

FL200 - FL340: 265kt

Front 20

Approach speeds?

Back 20

Front 21

IOT to T/O in IF, What minima do we require?

Back 21

Needs to be at or above that specified in AD2.

If not specified, standard mins apply:

300ft ceiling, 1500m vis.

Reduced T/O min:

0 ceiling, 800m vis.

Provided that:

1. RWY has centreline markings/lights

2. Vis is actually confirmed by the pilot

3. AD2 allows for reduced T/O minima.

4. Obstacles in flight path are taken into account

5. Multi engine, must have auto-feather system.

Front 22

Define MSA, MEA, MRA, MFA

Back 22

Minimum Safe Altitude: minimum altitude that will provide 1000ft obstacle clearance within 5nm of planned route (2000ft in mountainous areas)

Minimum Enroute Altitude: Lowest altitude an AC can fly and receive adequate NDB signal

Minimum Reception Altitude: Same but for VOR instead of NDB.

Minimum Flight Altitude: Minimum altitude after taking into account the MSA, MRA, MEA, VHZ, Danger/Restricted areas, in compliance with IFR table of cruising levels (NOSE).

Front 23

How do IFR cruising levels work?

Back 23

-NOSE

- IFR whole 1000's, VFR +500ft

_Can request a non-standard (e.g. due weather)

Front 24

Transition Altitude?

Back 24

Transition altitude: 13,000ft

Transition Layer: 13,000ft - FL150

Transition Level: FL150 or FL160 when less than 980hPa or within 20nm of Mt Cook

Front 25

Sequence of approach segments?

Back 25

Arrival Segment

Initial Approach Segment

Intermediate approach segment

Final approach segment

Missed approach segment.

Front 26

What kind of approaches can we fly in the Texan?

Back 26

ILS (our only precision approach)

LLZ (LOC)

VOR

NDB

RNAV

Circling approach

Front 27

Define MDA/MDH

Back 27

Minimum Descent Altitude: Aspecified altitude (AMSL) in a non-precision approach or circling approachbelow which descent must not be made without the required visual reference.

Minimum Descent Height: Aspecified height (above aerodrome elevation) in a non-precision approach or circling approachbelow which descent must not be made without the required visual reference.

Front 28

EXTRA: Define DA

Back 28

DA(precision approach; vertical guidance required): the point at which wemust “decide” to go around if we have not established our visual references.(DA = AMSL, DH = AGL). You can dip just below it because of the dope safetydesigns but be safe out there playas.

Front 29

What are the different types of hold entries?

Back 29

Front 30

You are descending into an uncontrolled aerodrome in IMC. How low can you go in IMC before you have to be visual?

Back 30

Do not descend below 1200ft above aerodrome level (IOT avoid any circuit traffic below) if conflict with traffic is likely.

Front 31

How does remote QNH work?

Back 31

- Most aerodrome plates state 'USE (LOCAL) QNH' in order to get an accurate MDA for an instrument approach

- However, some aerodromes don't have their own QNH

- If so, you can use a QNH from another nearby aerodrome, but a correction must be applied:

-Add 5ft to the MDA for every 1NM in excess of 5NM from the source QNH.

Exampe: Wairoa to Napier = 35NM; therefore 35- 5= 30 x 5 = 150ft)

For an instrument approach at Wairoa usingNapier QNH, add 150ft to MDA.

-NB: Some aerodromes have limitations e.g. areas which are mountainous cannot use alternate QNH.

Front 32

When do you need to have an alternate?

Back 32

If forecast conditions at +/- 1 hr of ETA at destination is less than:

- cloud ceiling 1000ft above MDA or DA

- vis >5km or >2km more than the plate minema.

Front 33

What fuel do you require to get to an alternate?

How much fuel would you need overhead your alternate prior to an approach and landing?

Back 33

-Diversion fuel. enough to do:

1. Missed approach at original destination

2. Transit to your alternate (calculated from flt man)

3. Do an approach (70lb)

- Contingency fuel (= +5% of your 'Enroute Fuel' + 5% of your 'Diversion Fuel')

And remember A/C captains are to plan to land with no less than 200lbs minimum landing fuel (100lbs minimum fuel + 100lbs for 15mins hold)

So you must arrive overhead the alternate with 270lbs (200 minimum landing fuel + 70lbs for an approach)

Front 34

Describe PBN

Back 34

PBN is a shift from conventional ground-based navigational aids and procedures to satellite based navigation aids and area navigation procedures which are more accurate and allow for shorter, more direct routes.

Front 35

What is your position on the role of government in supporting innovation in the field of biotechnology?

Back 35

Recent research has shown that empirical evidence for globalization of corporate innovation is very limited and as a corollary the market for technologies is shrinking. As a world leader, it's important for America to provide systematic research grants for our scientists. I believe strongly there will always be a need for us to have a well-articulated innovation policy with emphasis on human resource development. Thank you.

Front 36

What do the different acronyms mean for lighting?
ALS

REIL

REDL

RTHL

RENL

RTZL

RCLL

Back 36

ALS - Approach lighting system

REIL - Runway end identifier lights

REDL - Runway edge lighting

RTHL - Runway threshold lighting

RENL - Runway end lighting

RTZL - Runway touchdown zone lights

RCLL - Runway centreline lights.

Front 37

More lighting...

CGL

PAL

ABN

LIH

LIM

LIL

Back 37

CGL - Circling guidance lighting

PAL - pilot activated lighting

ABN - Aerodrom Beacon

LIH - Light intensity High

LIM - Light intensity Medium

LIL - Low

Front 38

How does pilot activated lighting work?

Back 38

-Details are on plate

-Duration: 20 mins

-Activated by: keying transmitter 5 times within 3 seconds (unless otherwise stated on plate)

-10sec to warm up, then will start on max intensity

-to change intensity or runway, repeat turn on sequence and hold down last transmission to cycle through intensity settings/ runway to use.

-Reactivation: retransmitting resetes lighting timer for another 20mins

-No warning for turn off

Front 39

What is the weather minima to nominate an aerodrome as an alternate for,

1. a precision approach?

2. A non-precision approach?

Back 39

Precision: Higher of

-600ft cloud base or 200ft above DA

-vis: 3000m or 1000m more than specified minima

Non-precision approach: higher of:

-800ft cloud base or 200ft above MDA

-4000m vis or 1500m more than the specified minima on the plate.