Ag Unit 5 Cardiac

Front 1

Elevated BP without an identified cause, such as sodium, overweight, diabetes, tobacco, alcohol,SNS activity.

Back 1

Primary Hypertension

Front 2

HTN with a specific cause the can be identified and corrected

Back 2

Secondary HTN

Front 3

Receptors in the aorta which maintain blood pressure?

Back 3

Baroreceptors

Front 4

BP over 220/140 indicates what?

Back 4

HTN Crisis

Front 5

Encephalopathy, brain hemorrhage, LV failure, MI, renal failure, Aortic aneurysm, and retinopathy are often results of what?

Back 5

Hypertensive Crisis

Front 6

Pacemaker of the heart?

Back 6

Sinoatrial Node

Front 7

What causes atrial contraction?

Back 7

SA Depolarization

Front 8

Where does the signal go after contracting the Atrium?

Back 8

AV Node

Front 9

Where does the signal go after the AV Node?

Back 9

Bundle of His

Front 10

What comes after the bundle of his

Back 10

Bundle branches

Front 11

What does the bundle branches innervate

Back 11

Purkinje Fibers

Front 12

What doe the perkinje fibers contract

Back 12

Ventricles

Front 13

What valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Back 13

Tricuspid

Front 14

What valves prevent blood flow back into ventricles?

Back 14

Semilunar

Front 15

What is the valve between the left atrium and ventricle?

Back 15

Mitral

Front 16

Stroke volume x Heart rate = ?

Back 16

Cardiac Output

Front 17

Intrinsic Rate of the AV node?

Back 17

40-60 BPM

Front 18

What connects the atrium and ventricles electrically?

Back 18

Bundle of His

Front 19

What is the monitoring lead?

Back 19

Lead 2

Front 20

Acure inferior MI would be be seen in what kind of ECG?

Back 20

Right sided

Front 21

Drugs that cause bradycardia

Back 21

Beta BLockers

Front 22

What part of the heart beat should be loudest?

Back 22

S2

Front 23

Where should JVP be assessed

Back 23

Right jugular

Front 24

What disease would cause a delayed carotid upstroke

Back 24

Aortic Stenosis

Front 25

A greater than normal drop in pressure during inspiration

Back 25

Paradoxical Pulse

Front 26

What osculatory area is at the apex

Back 26

Mitarl

Front 27

Where is the pulmonic area located

Back 27

2nd left interspace

Front 28

WHat valve is at the 2nd right interspace

Back 28

Aortic Valve

Front 29

What valve is heart at the lower left sternal border?

Back 29

Tricuspid

Front 30

Left sided heart failure or mitral valve regurgitation are often identified how?

Back 30

S3

Front 31

What is the other name for the bicuspid valve

Back 31

Mitral Valve

Front 32

Heart sound that precedes S1?

Back 32

S4

Front 33

CAD, cardiomyopathy, LV hypertrophy, or aortic stenosis may be heard how?

Back 33

S4

Front 34

First stage of atherosclerosis?

Back 34

Fatty Streak

Front 35

Second stage of atherosclerosis?

Back 35

Fibrous Plaque

Front 36

Final stage of atherosclerosis?

Back 36

Complicated lesion

Front 37

Pain that doesn't change with position or breathing

Back 37

Angina

Front 38

Chest pain that occurs at rest or is worsening

Back 38

Unstable Angina

Front 39

Rupture of a plaque?

Back 39

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Front 40

Variant angina that occurs at rest in response to spasm of coronary artery

Back 40

Prinzmetal's Angina

Front 41

PAin from Prinzmetals angina often occurs when?

Back 41

During REM sleep

Front 42

Compression of the heart due to pericardial effusion that leads to chest pain, confusion, pulses paradoxes,, dyspnea?

Back 42

Cardiac Tamponade

Front 43

Receptors that increase BP and RR during hypercapnia or acidosis?

Back 43

Chemoreceptors

Front 44

Sounds of turbulent blood flood through a compressed artery?

Back 44

Korotkoff Sounds

Front 45

The difference between the SPB and the DBP?

Back 45

Pulse Pressure

Front 46

The average pressure within the arterial system?

Back 46

MAP

Front 47

How do you calculate MAP?

Back 47

SBP + 2DBP / 3

Front 48

What MAP is needed to continue perfusing body organs?

Back 48

60

Front 49

Decrease in BP after eating?

Back 49

Postprandial Hypotension

Front 50

Anticancer agents, antipsychotics, psychostimulants, and tricyclics all cause what effect on the heart?

Back 50

Dysrythmias

Front 51

What affect do NSAIDs have on the cardiovascular system

Back 51

Increased BP

Front 52

What effect to corticosteriods have on the cardio system?

Back 52

Hypotension, Edema, Decreased Potassium

Front 53

What area is right above the aortic area

Back 53

Angle of Louis

Front 54

What area is right below the pulmonic area?

Back 54

Erb's Point

Front 55

Left ventricular failure is indicated by what sound

Back 55

S3

Front 56

Small red to black streaks called splinter hemorrhages are indicative of what?

Back 56

Endocarditis

Front 57

Incompetent valves in veins cause what?

Back 57

Varicose Veins

Front 58

Pericardial friction rub is caused by what?

Back 58

Pericarditis

Front 59

Sustained lifts in the chest area?

Back 59

Heaves

Front 60

Protein produced in liver during acute inflammation?

Back 60

C-Reactive Protein

Front 61

What should CRP value be?

Back 61

Less than 1

Front 62

Troponin I over 2.3 would indicate what?

Back 62

Myocardial Injury

Front 63

What should Troponin T level be?

Back 63

Less than 0.1

Front 64

Increased Myoglobin would be over what?

Back 64

90

Front 65

Amino acid produced during protein catabolism that is a risk for cardiac disease?

Back 65

Homocysteine

Front 66

What should homecysteine be at?

Back 66

3.7-12.9

Front 67

Peptide that help determine if dyspnea is cardiac or respiratory?

Back 67

BNP

Front 68

A BNP over 100 would indicate what?

Back 68

HEart Failure

Front 69

What should cholesterol level be?

Back 69

Less than 200

Front 70

What should triglyceride levels be?

Back 70

Less than 150

Front 71

What should HDL level be?

Back 71

Greater than 40-50, 60 is good

Front 72

What should LDL level be?

Back 72

Less than 100

Front 73

How do you calculate max HR?

Back 73

220 - Age

Front 74

Percentage of blood volume that is ejected during systole, measure with an echocardiogram?

Back 74

Ejection Fraction

Front 75

Measuring hourly urine output, Continuous BP monitorying, and assessing for HF are all indicated when giving what for a hypertensive crisis?

Back 75

Sodium Nitroprusside

Front 76

What kind of drugs would be initially given for unstable angina?

Back 76

ACE inhibitor, Antiplatelets, IV Nitroglycerin

Front 77

Indiviudals at high risk for sudden cardiac death often have what?

Back 77

Left ventricular Dysfunction

Front 78

The most important cause of PAD?

Back 78

Smoking and HTN

Front 79

Decreased arterial blood flow to the nerves in the feet causes what?

Back 79

Rest Pain

Front 80

Sensitivity to cold, gangrenous ulcers on fingertips, and color changes of fingers or toes are all signs of what two things?

Back 80

?Buerger's Disease or Raynaud's Phenomenon

Front 81

Sudden severe low back pain and flank bruising would indicate what

Back 81

Ruptured AAA

Front 82

What function is essential to monitor after AAA repair

Back 82

Kidney Function

Front 83

What is the first priority when there is a suspected dissected aorta?

Back 83

COntrol BLood Pressure

Front 84

SMoking and contraceptive use puts you at risk for what?

Back 84

VTE

Front 85

What separates the left ventricle and the aorta

Back 85

Aortic Valve

Front 86

Hearts ability to alter output in response to exercise or hypovolemia

Back 86

Cardiac Reserve

Front 87

The more common name for elevated BP without an identified cause accounting for about 95% of people

Back 87

Essential Hypertensnion

Front 88

Ischemic muscle pain precipitated by activity and relieved with rest that is a sign for PVD?

Back 88

Intermittent Claudication

Front 89

Earliest manifestation of renal dysfunction?

Back 89

Nocturia

Front 90

A cause of secondary hypertension often marked by increased K+ levels

Back 90

Hyperaldosteronism

Front 91

Drugs that diminish SNS effects on the BP by inhibiting norepinephrine or blocking adrenergic Receptors

Back 91

Adrenergic-Inhibiting Agents

Front 92

Drugs that relax vascular smooth muscle and reduce SVR?

Back 92

DIrect Vasodilators

Front 93

Drugs that increase sodium excretion and cause arteriolar vasodilation?

Back 93

Calcium Channel Blocker

Front 94

Drugs that prevent conversion of of Angiotension 1 to 2?

Back 94

ACE Inhibitors

Front 95

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers are known as what?

Back 95

ARBs

Front 96

Initial THerapy for hypertension

Back 96

Thiazide Diuretics

Front 97

Common side effect of ACE inhibitors

Back 97

Cough

Front 98

Serious side effect of K sparing diuretics and ACE inhibitors

Back 98

Hyperkalemia

Front 99

Decrease of 20 mmhg when standing and increase of 20 bpm upon standing

Back 99

Orthostatic Hypotension

Front 100

How much should the MAP be decreased in the first hour during a hypertensive crisis?

Back 100

25%

Front 101

What carries lipids away from arteries to the liver?

Back 101

HDL

Front 102

How should exercise be done to prevent CV disease

Back 102

30 minutes 5 times per week

Front 103

Most widely used cholesterol meds?

Back 103

Statins (Lovastatin, pravavastin, zocor, lipitor, crestor)

Front 104

Statin drug that decreases cholesterol absorption?

Back 104

Zetia

Front 105

Angina while laying that is relieved by standing

Back 105

Angina Decubitus

Front 106

Orthostatic Hypotension, pounding headache, tachycardia, dizziness will occur after taking what drug

Back 106

Nitroglycerin

Front 107

Long acting nitrates?

Back 107

Imdur, Isordil

Front 108

Drugs that decrease myocardial contractility, HR, and BP?

Back 108

Beta Blocker

Front 109

People with asthma should avoid what heart meds?

Back 109

Beta blockers

Front 110

Procardia, verapamil, and diltiazem are what kind of drug?

Back 110

Calcium Channel Blockers

Front 111

What kind of heart meds particularly help people with DM?

Back 111

ACE Inhibitors

Front 112

Drugs used for pharmacological nuclear imaging and echocardiography?

Back 112

Adenosine, Dobutamine

Front 113

Most common complication after MI?

Back 113

Dysrhythmias

Front 114

A common cause of sudden cardiac death within first 4 hours of pain associated with MI

Back 114

Ventricular Fibrillation

Front 115

What kind of drugs are used to treat non-infective pericarditis, such as friction rub?

Back 115

NSAIDs, corticosteroids

Front 116

When does CK peak after MI?

Back 116

24 hours

Front 117

How is prinzmetals angina confirmed

Back 117

Coronary angiography

Front 118

Dissolving thrombus is coronary artery?

Back 118

Fibrinolytic Therapy

Front 119

Checking blood pressure on the ankle and the wrist to assess risk for PAD?

Back 119

Ankle Brachial Index

Front 120

What is a normal ankle brachial index?

Back 120

0.91-1.3

Front 121

Opening and artery and removing the obstructive plaque?

Back 121

Endarterectomy

Front 122

Anemia caused by lack of B12 or folic acid?

Back 122

Megaloblastic Anemia

Front 123

Lack of vitamin B12 secondary to low production of intrinsic factor by gastric cells?

Back 123

Pernicious Anemia

Front 124

How is pernicious Vitamin B12 treated

Back 124

IM B12 injections

Front 125

Epogen, procrit, aranesp are all what kind of drugs?

Back 125

I

Erythropoises Stimulating Agents

Front 126

Ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulfate, slow FE, iron dextran, and venofer are all drugs used to treat what?

Back 126

Iron deficiency Anemia

Front 127

Pressure on the heart due to fluid buildup?

Back 127

Cardiac Tamponade

Front 128

Doxazosin and terazosin are what kind of drugs

Back 128

Alpha 1 Blocker

Front 129

Clonidine is what kind of drug

Back 129

Alpha 2 blocker

Front 130

What kind of drug is carvedilol (Coreg)

Back 130

Alpha and Beta BLocker

Front 131

Hydralazine and minoxidil are what kind of drugs

Back 131

Vasodilators

Front 132

Amodarone, diltiazem, and propanolol are what kind of drugs

Back 132

Antiarrhythmic Agents

Front 133

What drug can't be taken with viagra?

Back 133

Nitro

Front 134

Direct Vasodilators are typically only used for what

Back 134

Hypertensive Crisis

Front 135

Drug used for a dissecting aortic aneurysm

Back 135

Ganglionic blockers

(Trimethaphan (Arfonad)

Front 136

What kind of drugs reduce effectiveness of ACE inhibitors?

Back 136

NSAIDs, aspirin

Front 137

hih

Back 137

hey