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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The solid substance that gives color to paint is ________? |
pigment |
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the vehicle in paint is a ________? |
liquid |
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the material that helps steam to dissolve grease is ________? |
a chemical solution |
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the first step in starting a power washer is to connect the ________? |
electricity |
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the first step in shutting down a steam cleaner is to ________? |
close the solution valve |
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a hazard generally not associated with the steam cleaner is ________? |
falling objects |
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Steam cleaning will not ________? |
dry out bearings |
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Scaling paint is removed with ________? |
brushes, scrapers, and wire wheels |
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A 1-gallon can of paint generally costs about the same as ________? |
two 1-quart cans |
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One gallon of paint is generally expected to cover ________? |
400-500 square feet |
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what is new work? |
never before painted |
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what is old work? |
previously painted |
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what is film? |
dry paint |
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what is a seal? |
the purpose of a primer |
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What is pressure treated? |
a method for preserving wood |
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what is pliable? |
putty |
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how is chipped paint corrected? |
by feathering |
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what is waterproof paper made of? |
silicon carbide |
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What are two materials that can be used for masking? |
tape and paper |
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how is square footage calculated? |
length X height |
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New wood must be what when it is painted? |
clean and primed |
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to ________ is to sand so the chipped edge is taped and no roughness can be felt between the painted and unpainted areas. |
feather |
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in ________ , fine sand particles are thrown by compressed air to clean metal or masonry. |
sandblasting |
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wood and other materials must be properly prepared or the ________ ________ will peel off rather than wear off. |
paint film |
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________ with tape or paper should be done to protect any areas that should not be painted. |
masking |
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when is painting not a necessity? |
when it is done for personal preference |
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Whats an example of a low-quality pigment? |
calcium |
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What should be done to lumpy particles in paint? |
they should be reduced by thinning |
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What tool makes perfectly straight lines when painting? |
masking tape |
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what should oil paints NOT be applied with? |
nylon bristle brushes |
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What should you NOT do with latex paints? |
use them outdoors/on the exterior |
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An aerosol for painting is ________? |
relatively expensive |
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All spray guns are ________? |
pressurized |
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Why can painting be hazardous? |
Because of explosive materials, flammable materials, and compressed air |
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What activity can greatly increase painting hazards? |
smoking |
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What does it mean to formulate? |
to put together |
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what is the main characteristic of gloss? |
shiny |
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what does it mean for a color to be flat? |
dull |
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How do you thin latex? |
with water |
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What is an example of a safe, high quality pigment? |
titanium dioxide |
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what is a primer? |
first coat of paint |
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What is lead? |
a poisonous substance in paint |
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What tool removes water? |
an extractor |
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What does a regulator do? |
controls pressure |
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what does "chalking" mean? |
to wash off |
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gun spray painting should be done indoors unless a ________ ________ ________ is available. |
commercial spraying booth |
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aluminum ladders are a special hazard around ________ ________. |
electrical wires |
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the tendency of a liquid to resist flowing is known as its ________ |
tacky |
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dry paint in a spray gun will ________. |
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spray guns should be lubricated with thin machine oil on each ________ where it enters the ________. |
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what is the thick plate that covers the cylinder? |
head |
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the 4-stroke cycle begins with the piston moving in which direction? |
down |
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what is the compression ratio for most small engines? |
6:1 |
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What are piston rings needed for? |
to provide better compression |
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what part's action makes the valves open and close? |
camshaft |
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when the exhaust valve is open and the intake valve is closed, the engine is on which stroke? |
exhaust stroke |
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what is happening when the engine is on the compression stroke? |
both the intake and exhaust valves are closed |
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the part of the coil that is made of several hundred turns of heavy-gauge wire is called what? |
the primary circuit |
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what is the purpose of oil in an engine? |
it lubricates, cools, and cleans the moving parts |
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what dissapates the heat in an engine? |
cooling fins/fans |
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what produces electricity by magnetism? |
magneto |
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piston |
capped, sliding cylinder within a cylinder |
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governor |
speed control device |
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crankshaft |
a shaft with an offset projection that converts circular motion to reciprocal motion, or vice versa
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primary circuit |
low-voltage circuit of an ignition system |
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power stroke |
the engine process in which burning fuel expands rapidly but evenly to drive the piston down |
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valve |
controls the flow of gas into and exhaust out of the cylinder |
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intake stroke |
engine process of taking fuel and air into the combustion chamber |
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cylinder |
long round tank with extremely thick walls built to hold gases under great pressure. Also, engine cavity containing a piston |
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secondary circuit |
high-voltage circuit of an ignition system |
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in the late 1800's, engines referred to as ________ ________ ________ were developed to replace steam engines. |
internal combustion engines |
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an ________ ________ mounted at the opening of the carburetor cleans the air before it enters the engine. |
air filter |
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to prevent the engine from running too fast, a ________ is attached to the carburetor that slows the engine when a certain speed is reached. |
governor |
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the ________ ________ connects the piston to the crankshaft |
connecting rod |
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the pin in the center of the piston is called a ________pin. |
wrist pin |
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the fuel system consists of the ________, ________, ________, and ________ ________. |
carburetor, venturi, camshaft, and governor |
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most small engines have an ignition system known as a ________ in which the spark is created by an electric current generated by a process called ________ ________. |
magneto, electrical induction |
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the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel mixture can be as much as ________. |
3000 degrees Farenheit |
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the electrical system has a device called an ________ that is comprised of many layers of thin metal. |
armature |
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breaker points have been replaced by ________ - ________ systems. |
solid-state systems |
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most small engine air filters should be cleaned after how many hours of service? |
25 hours |
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What should you do to any element in an air filter that is torn? |
replace it
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some states do not allow small engine carburetors to be adjusted because improper adjustments cause what? |
more air pollution |
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what device in a carburetor controls the fuel flow? |
needle valve (slotted) |
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if a flywheel is partially sheared, why will the engine not run? |
its time will be off/will be out of time |
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an oil rated 10W-30 will have the viscosity of what? |
a 30-weight oil when the when the weather is hot |
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when should the oil be changed? |
when the engine is warm |
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what is excessive fuel in the combustion chamber called? |
flooding |
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what is the most difficult system to repair? |
the compression system |
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what is loss of compression caused by? |
worn piston rings, stuck piston rings, or worn valves |
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micrometer |
used to gauge thickness |
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torque |
twisting power
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octane |
used to set valves to the proper clearance |
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viscosity |
tendency of a fluid to resist flowing/thickness of an oil
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plastigage |
used to measure connecting rod bearing clearance. |
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dual element |
air filter type. involves the use of both a dry and oil foam filter
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volatile |
easy to burn
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0.030 inch |
proper gap for most small engine spark plugs |
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SF, SE, SD, SC |
service classification of oil |
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feeler gauge |
threadlike material used to gauge tolerances |
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place rags that have fuel or oil on them in an approved ________ container. |
fireproof |
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keep an approved ________ ________ in the work area. |
fire extinguisher |
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never use ________ as a solvent. |
oil/gasoline |
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wear protective ________ at all times. |
googles |
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use the proper ________ for the proper ________. |
tool, job |
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when replacing spark plugs, buy the exact type recommended by the ________. |
manufacterer |
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almost always, an engine problem can be narrowed down to one of three areas: ________, ________, or ________. |
ignition, fuel, or compression |
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compression can be checked by using a ________ ________. |
compression tester |
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when a block is made of ________, the cylinders may eventually wear to the point where repairs are ineffective. |
aluminum |
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the head bolts must be torqued gradually and in the correct ________. |
sequence |
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what are the 5 systems? |
1. compression 2. fuel 3. ignition 4. cooling system - fans 5. lubrication - oil |
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what is used to lubricate oil in a 2-stroke engine? |
oil mixed with gas |
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what does a camshaft do? |
open valves |
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combustion chamber |
volume of cylinder above piston at top-dead center |
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what are the 4 strokes? what valves are opened on each stroke? |
1. intake stroke - open: intake valve 2. compression - open: none 3. power stroke - open: none 4. exhaust stroke - open: exhaust valve, then take after the cycle begins to repeat again |
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check spark plugs when restarting/checking engine |
check cooling system and air filters |
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whats compressed to cause friction in an engine? |
the piston ring |
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which valve is longer? |
intake valve |
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fly wheel key |
holds fly wheel in place |
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top-dead center |
position of a piston when at its highest point ( furthest from the crankshaft) |
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bottom-dead center |
piston at its lowest point (point nearest the crankshaft) |
