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207 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MOA: Alomast
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Mast Cell Stabilizer
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MOA: Alocril
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Mast Cell Stabilizer
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MOA: Alomide
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Mast Cell Stabilizer
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MOA: Opticrom
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Mast Cell Stabilizer
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MOA: Livostin
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Antihistamine
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MOA: Optivar
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Combination
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MOA: Patanol
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Combination
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MOA: Zaditor
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Combination
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MOA: Alrex
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Allergy + Steroid
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Dosing: Alomast
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QID
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Dosing: Alocril
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QID
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Dosing: Alomide
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QID
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Dosing: Opticrom
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QID
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Dosing: Livostin
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QID
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Dosing: Optivar
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QID
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Dosing: Patanol
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BID
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Dosing: Zaditor
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BID
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Dosing: Alrex
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QID
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Class: Eflone
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Steroid
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Class: Flarex
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Steroid
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Class: FML
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Steroid
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Class: Inflamase Forte
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Steroid
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Class: Inflamase Mild
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Steroid
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Class: Lotemax
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Steroid
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Class: Pred Forte
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Steroid
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Class: Vexol
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Steroid
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Dosing: Eflone
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QID
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Dosing: Flarex
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QID
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Dosing: FML
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QID (ung)
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Dosing: Inflamase Forte
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QID
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Dosing: Inflamase Mild
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QID
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Dosing: Lotemax
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QID
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Dosing: Pred Forte
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QID
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Dosing: Vexol
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QID
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MOA: Alphagan P
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Alpha 2 Antagonist
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MOA: Betagan
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Beta Blocker
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MOA: Betimol
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Beta Blocker
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MOA: Betoptic S
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Beta Blocker
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MOA: OptiPranolol
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Beta Blocker
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MOA: Ocupress
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Beta Blocker
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MOA: Tomptic
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Beta Blocker
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MOA: Timoptic XE
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Beta Blocker
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MOA: Azopt
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
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MOA: Cosopt
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
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MOA: Truspot
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
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MOA: Lumigan
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Prostaglandin
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MOA: Travatan
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Prostaglandin
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MOA: Xalatan
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Prostaglandin
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MOA: Pilocarpine
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Ciliary body Contraction, increase outflow
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MOA: Rescula
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Unoprostone, intolerant to prostaglandins
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MOA: Restasis
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Immunosuppressant
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Dosing: Alphagan P (Brimonidine)
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BID/TID
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Dosing: Betagan (Levobunolol)
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BID/TID
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Dosing: Betimol (Timolol)
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BID
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Dosing: Betoptic S (Betaxolol)
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BID
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Dosing: OptiPranolol (Metipranolol)
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BID
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Dosing: Ocupress (Carteolol)
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BID
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Dosing: Tomptic (Timolol)
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BID
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Dosing: Timoptic XE
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QD
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Dosing: Azopt (Brinzolamide)
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TID
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Dosing: Cosopt (Dorxolamide & Timolol)
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BID
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Dosing: Truspot (Dorzolamide)
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BID/TID
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Dosing: Lumigan (Brimatoprost)
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qhs
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Dosing: Travatan (Travoprost)
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qhs
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Dosing: Xalatan (Latanaprost)
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qhs
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Dosing: Pilocarpine
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QID
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Dosing: Rescula
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BID
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Dosing: Restasis
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BID
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MOA: Acular (Ketorlac)
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NSAID
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MOA: Voltaren (Diclofenac)
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NSAID
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Dosing: Acular (Ketorlac)
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QID
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Dosing: Voltaren (Diclofenac)
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QID
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Fluroquinolones 1st Gen Spectrum
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Gram - ve
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Fluroquinolones 2st Gen Spectrum
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Gram - ve (+ Pseudomonas), some Gram + ve
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Fluroquinolones 3st Gen Spectrum
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Grame -ve, pseudomonas, extended Gram + ve
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Fluroquinolones 4st Gen Spectrum
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Gram -ve, pseudo, gram + ve, anaerobic coverage
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Nalidixic acid (Neggram) Generation
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1st Gen
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Ciprofloxicin (Ciloxan) Generation
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2nd Gen
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Ofloxacin (Ocuflox) Generation
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2nd Gen
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Gatifloxacin (Zymar) Generation
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3rd Gen
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Levofloxacin (Quixin) Generation
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3rd Gen
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Moxifloxacin (Vigamox) Generation
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3rd Gen
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Trovafloxacin Generation
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4th Gen
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Ophthalmic Fluroquinolone w/o perservative
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moxifloxacin (Vigamox)
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Fluroquinolone for Txn of Pseudomonas
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Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan)
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Fluroquinolone for Txn of clamydia
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Ofloxacin (Ocuflox)
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Trifluridine
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Viroptic
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Dexamethason, neomycin, polymixin
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Maxitrol
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Pred + neomycin
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poly-pred
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Tobradex
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Dexamethason, Tobramycin
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Total Cholesterol
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<200mg/dl
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Total HDL
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30-70mg/dl
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Toal LDL
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65-180mg/dl
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Triglycerides
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45-155mg/dl
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Fasting BG
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<110
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Random BG
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<200mg/dl
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Oral Glucose Tolerance
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<140mg/dl
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HbA1c
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4-6%
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Hematocrit
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37%-47%
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BP
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120/80
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Resting Heart Rate
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60-100 bpm
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Hofstetters Minimum Accomodation
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15-(0.25)(age)
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Hofstetters Average Accomodation
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18.5-(0.3)(age)
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Patient has low amps, high MEM and FCC, low PRA, Poor MAF, BAF when clearing minus
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Acc Insufficiency
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Treatment for Acc Insufficiency
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1. (+), 2. VT
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Normal to low MEM, FCC, reduced NRA/PRA, poor facility clearing + and - OD, OS, OU. Low BO' and BI'.
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Acc Infacility
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Treatment for AI
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VT
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Normal to high amps, low MEM & FCC, Low NRA, poor facility with + OD, OS, OU and low BI' blur
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Acc Excess
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Txn for Acc Excess
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VT
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Low AC/A, High Exo at near, receded NPC, Low NRA, poor BAF
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CI
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Treatment for CI
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1. VT, 2. Prism
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Low ACA, high exo at near, High MEM, receded NPC improved with (+), low BO' break/recovery, poor facility with (-)
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1. (+) , 2. VT
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High AC/A, low eso@distance, higher eso @ near, high MEM, poor facility w (-)
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1. (+), 2. VT or BO prism
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Low BO/BI at D&N, low NRA/PRA, Poor BAF (+/-)
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VT training
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Equal exo at D&N, Low MEM, receded NPC, Low NRA, poor facility w/ +
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Basic Exo
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Formula for Rx prism for Basic Exo
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BI = 2/3Phoria - 1/3 CFV
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Equal eso at D&N, High MEM, Low BI & BI', low PRA, Poor BAF, - > +
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Basic Eso
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Formula for Rx prism for Basic Exo
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BO = (eso' - BI recover) + 2
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High AC/A, High exo at distance, may suppress BO & or BI'
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Divergence Excess
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Low AC/A, higher ESO (D>N), poor BI @ D
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Divergence Insufficiency
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Normal findings for distance phoria (XP & EP)
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1 XP, 1 EP (presbyopes)
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Normal findings for near phoria (XP' & EP')
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3XP, 8 XP (presbyopes)
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Expected AC/A ratio
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4:1
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Distance Hz Vergences BI & BO (Norms)
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BI: x/8/5, BO: 15/28/20
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VF of Lesion at the left optic nerve
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OD: Full, OS: Absolute scotoma
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VF of Temporal lobe tumor (Left side)
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Pie in the sky, Right homonymous Superior Quadrantopsia with macular sparring
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VF of Pituitary Adenoma, optic chiasmal defect
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Bitemporal heteronymous Hemianopsia
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VF of Lesion in primary visual cortex, blockage of PCA
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Homonymous hemianopsia (macular sparring)
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VF of Aneurysm of ACA, compression of lateral part of optic chiasm
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Nasal Hemianopsia OS
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VF of Lesion in the parietal lobe
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"Pie on the floor", inferior homonymous quadrantanopisa
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VF of Left optic tract lesion, primary visual cortex lesion (left side)
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Right homonymous hemianopsia (macular involved)
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Enlarged blind spot a result from (5 items)
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Papilledema, glaucoma, optic nerve head drusen, staphyloma, coloboma
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VF defect of ischemic optic neuropathy
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Altitudinal defect
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VF defect of hemiretinal artery or vein occlusion
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Altitudinal defect
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Causes of central scotoma (4)
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Macular disease, optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy, optic atrophy
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Causes of binasal VF defect
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Glaucoma, RP, Internal Caratoid aneurysm
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Triad of Spasmus Nutans
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1. Nystagmus, 2. Head tilt, 3. Head nodding
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Onset of Spasmus Nutans
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by 6 mos
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Resolution of Spasmus Nutans
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5 years of age
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Amplitude and Frequency of Spasmus Nutans
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Low amplitude/High Frequency
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2 causes of Spasmus Nutans
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1. Benign 2. Glioma
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2 types of acquired nystagmus
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1. Perpheral Vestibular, 2. Gaze Evoked
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Type of nystamus when eye beat towards the good ear
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Push
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Peripheral nystamus is worse in which gaze?
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direction of the fast beat
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Gaze evoked nystamus suggests what?
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Serious CNS lesion, stroke or tumor
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Nystagmus: one direction w. low amps, high frequency, opposite direction with high amps, low frequency
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Brun's Nystamgus
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Cause of Brun's nystagmus
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Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor
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Causes of upbeat nystamgus
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Cerebellera pathway or medulla disease (MS, Tumor)
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Nystagmus: one eye up and intorts, other eye, out and extorts
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See-saw nystagmus
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Location of defect in see-saw nystagmus
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Parasellar/midbrain area
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Nystagmus due to arnold chiari malformation
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Downbeat nystagmus
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Downbeat nystagmus lesion location
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cervicomedullary junction
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Arnold chiari malformation may also cause this due to 4th ventrical damage
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disc edema
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Damage to cerebellar pathway or cervicomedullary junction may cause this type of nystagmus
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Periodic Alternating nystagmus
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Step 1 of parks 3 step
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Hyper eye in primary gaze
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Step 2 of parks 3 step
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Greater deviation in right gaze (left head turn) or left gaze (right head turn)
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Step 3 of parks 3 step
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Deviation greater in right or left head tilt
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Parks 3 step: 1' 9LH, RG: 11LH, LG: 3LH, RT: 10LH, LT: 3LH
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LSO
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Causes of vertical diplopia, proptosis, inflammation or periorbital pain
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Thyroid eye disease, cancer trauma
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Vertical diplopia, touble breathing, ptosis worsens over time
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Myasthenia Gravis
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6 causes of CN 6 palsies
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1. Brainstem lesion, 2. Subarachnoid lesion 3. Petrous 4. Cav Sinus 5. Orbital lesion, 6 Isolated lesion
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Pt with complete ptosis, blown pupil, eye down and out
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CN 3 palsy (aneurysm)
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Pt with complete ptosis, pupil spared, eye down and out
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CN 3 palsy (vasculopathic)
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CN 3 EOMS
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SR, IR, MR, IO (Levator)
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Right nuclear brain stem lesion will result in...
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4th nerve palsy
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Tumor in the subarachnoid space will affect which cranial nerve
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4th nerve
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Cavernous sinus tumor could affect which cranial nerves
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3, 4, V1, V2, 6
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2 causes for bilateral cranial nerve 4 damage
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Trauma & Subarachnoid tumor
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Motiliyt pattern: increase eso deviation when looking across from paretic eye
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CN 6 palsy
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Motility pattern: hyper deviation increased wehn looking across affected side & ipsilateral head tilt
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CN 4 palsy
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Motility pattern: hyper deviation increases in upgaze and reverses in downgaze
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CN 3 palsy
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HA: Bilateral, over the eyes, top of head, occiptial region, no nausea
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Tension
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HA: Unilateral, periorbital, horner's (30-50%)
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Cluster
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HA: Unlateral, Pulsating, Nausea/Vomitting, last 4-72 hours, aura may be present
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Migraine
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5 A type Headaches
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1. GCA, 2. PapilledemA, 3. Pituitary Apoplexy, 4. Aneurysm, 5. Carotid Artery Dissection
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Sore temple, jaw claudication, APD, vision loss, swollen disc
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GCA
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Blood work for GCA
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Sed Rate, CRP
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Disc edema, tinnitus, transient vision obscurations, enlarged blind spot.
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Papilledema
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Cause of papilledeam to rule out immediately
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MRI to r/o mass, venous sinus thrombosis
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WHOL, vision loss, motility problems, ptosis, hormonal dysfxn.
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Pituitary apoplexy
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TXN for pituitary apoplexy
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Corticosteroids and lifelong hormone replacement therapy
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Cause for acute CN 3 palsy
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anureysm
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Pt with painful horner's (ptosis, miosis, anydrosis) fails to dilate with 10% cocaine has....
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Carotid artery dissection
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Aniso: no ptosis, no EOMS issues, normal light response, asymmetry equal in light and dark
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Physiological
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Aniso: greater in the bright than dark
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Pathological
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Aniso due to trauma or neovascular glaucama damages
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iris sphincter
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Aniso as a result of pilocarpine results in a pupil that..
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won't constrict
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Aniso with lid retraction, decreased upgaze and convergence retraction nystagmus
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Dorsal Midbrain syndrome
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4 causes of aniso greater in dim light
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1. Ciliary spasm, 2. Pharm Block, 3. Horners, 4. Argyll Robertson Pupil
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If testing a pupil for dilation with 10% cocaine and get no response you likely have...
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Horner's
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Argylle Robertson Pupil will have these 2 features
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Bilateral, near-light dissociation
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3 causes of an RAPD
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1. Optic nerve disease, 2. Extensive retinal disease, 3. Optic tract/pretectal lesion
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No RAPD beyond this area...
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LGN
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4 signs associated with an RAPD
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1. Decreased VA, 2. Red Desaturation, 3. VF defects, 4. Rim Pallor
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5 causes of near light dissociation:
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1. Tonic, 2. Tectal, 3. Blind eye, 4. Argyll Robertson, 5. Abberrant Regeneration of CN3
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Idiopathic lesion in the ciliary ganglion, pupil unresponsive to light but constricts to accomodation
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Aide's Tonic Pupil
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Drug used to diagnose Adie's
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1/8% pilocarpine
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Tonic pupil referrs to
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slow dilation after constriction
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___% of Aide's pupils are unilateral
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90%
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Varicella, retrobulbar and orbital tumors can result in this type of pupil
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Local Tonic pupil
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Diabetes, syphilis and scaroid can result in this type of pupil
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Neuropathic tonic pupil
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This type of pupil confirm NLP...
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Amaurotic pupil
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1% paredrine in Horner's if 3rd order lesion will result in....
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Pupil not dilating (+) paradrine test
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1% pardeine in Horner's if 1st or 2nd order lesion...
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pupil dilates (-) paradrine test
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2 Caues of a 1st order horner's...
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1. Wallenburg's 2. Spinal Cord Lesion
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3 causes of 2nd order horner's...
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1. Pancost tumor, 2. Brachial Plexus, 3. Neck or Shoulder Injury
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3 Caues of 3rd order horner's...
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1. Cluster headaches, Trauma/carotid dissection, 3. Cavernous Sinus Lesion
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