Abnormal Psychology Dsm 5 Ch. 1

Front 1

Medical Model

Back 1

perspective that views abnormal behavior patterns as derived from the medical model.

Front 2

Psychological Disorder

Back 2

Abnormal behavior pattern that involves a disturbance of psychological functioning or behavior.

Front 3

Abnormal Psychology

Back 3

The branch of psychology that deals with the descriptions, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior patterns.

Front 4

Determining Abnormality

Back 4

1. Unusualness

2. Social Deviance

3. Faulty perceptions or Interpretations of Society

4. Significant Personal Distress

5. Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior

6. Dangerousness

Front 5

Trephination

Back 5

A harsh prehistoric practice of cutting a hole in a persons skull, possibly in a attempt to release demons.

Front 6

Humors

Back 6

According to the ancient Hippocratic belief system, the vital bodily fluids. (phlegm, black bile, blood, yellow bile)

Front 7

Medical Model "Ill Humor"

Back 7

Imbalance in humors, (he thought) accounted for abnormal behaviors.

Front 8

Asylums

Back 8

15 though 16th centuries started these madhouses started to crop throughout Europe.

Not well treated. Certain ones you could buy tickets to watch these mentally ill patients like they were in a zoo.

Front 9

Deinstitutionalization

Back 9

Late 1950's policy shifting burden of care with state hospitals over to community-based system setting in order to reform the mental health system.

Front 10

CMHC's

Back 10

were charged with continual support care for former hospital residents who were released from state mental hospitals do to Deinstitutionalization.

Front 11

Phenothiazines

Back 11

Reduced the need for indefinite hospital stays and permitted many people with schizophrenia to be discharged to halfway houses, group homes, and independent living.

Front 12

Dementia praecox

Back 12

Term given by Kraepelin to the disorder now know as schizophrenia.

Front 13

syphilis

Back 13

bacteria that causes disease directly invades your brain.

Front 14

Hysteria

Back 14

a condition characterized by paralysis or numbness that cannot be explained by any underlying physical cause.

Front 15

Psychodynamic Model

Back 15

Theoretical model by Sigmund Freud and his followers, in which abnormal behavior is viewed as the product of clashing forces within the personality.

Front 16

Sociocultural Perspective

Back 16

Believe that abnormal behavior may be found in the failures of society rather than in the person.

EX: (unemployment, poverty, family breakdown, injustice, ignorance)

EX: (gender, social class, ethnicity, lifestyle)

Front 17

Biopsychosocial model

Back 17

an integrative model for explaining abnormal in terms of the interactions of biological, psychological, and sociological factors.

Front 18

Scientific Method

Back 18

A systematic method of conducting scientific research in which theories or assumptions are examined in the light of evidence.

Front 19

Theory

Back 19

A formulation of the relationships underlying observed events.

Front 20

Controlling Behavior

Back 20

(in this context) Using scientific knowledge to help people share their own goals and more efficiently use their resources to accomplish them.

Front 21

Steps to the Scientific Method

Back 21

1. Formulating a question

2. Framing research question into a hypothesis

3. Testing the hypothesis

4. Drawing conclusions about the hypothesis

Front 22

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

Back 22

Review proposed research studies in the light of ethical guidelines.

Front 23

Informed Consent

Back 23

Principle that subjects should receive enough information about a experiment beforehand to decide freely whether to participate.

Front 24

Confidentiality

Back 24

Protection of the identity of patients by keeping records secure and not disclosing their identities.

Front 25

Naturalistic Observation

Back 25

a form of research in which behavior is observed and measured in its natural environment.

Front 26

Correlation Method

Back 26

A scientific method of study that examines the relationship between factors or variables expressed in statistical terms.

Front 27

Correlation Coefficient

Back 27

A statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables expressed along a continuum that varies between -1.00 and +1.00

Front 28

Longitudinal Study

Back 28

Type of correlation study in which individuals are periodically tested or evaluated over lengthy periods of time, perhaps for decades.

Front 29

Experimental Method

Back 29

a scientific method that aims to discover cause-and-effect by manipulating independent variables and observing the effects on the dependent variables.

Front 30

Independent Variables

Back 30

Factors that are manipulated in an experiment

Front 31

Dependent Variables

Back 31

Factors that are observed in order to determine the effects of manipulating other variables.

Front 32

Experimental Group

Back 32

in a experiment, the group that receives the experimental treatment.

Front 33

Control Group

Back 33

In a experiment, the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.

Front 34

Random Assignment

Back 34

A method of assigning research subjects at random to experimental or control groups to balance these groups on the characteristics of people that comprise them.

Front 35

Selection Factor

Back 35

A type of bias in which the differences between the experimental and control groups result from the differences in the type of participants in the groups, not from the independent variable.

Front 36

Blind

Back 36

A state of being unaware of whether was has received an experimental treatment.

Front 37

Placebo

Back 37

An inert medication or bogus treatment that is intended to control for expectancy effects.

Front 38

Single-blind placebo control study

Back 38

Subjects are randomly assigned to treatment conditions in which they either receive an active drug (experimental condition) or an inert placebo (placebo-control condition) but are kept blind, or uniformed about what they receive.

Front 39

Internal Validity

Back 39

The degree to which manipulation of the independent variable can be causally related to changes in the dependent variable.

Front 40

External Validity

Back 40

The degree to which experimental results can be generalized to other settings and conditions

Front 41

Construct Validity

Back 41

The degree to which treatment effects can be accounted for by the theoretical mechanisms (constructs) represented in the independent variables.

Front 42

Epidemiological Studies

Back 42

Research studies that track rate of occurrence of particular disorders among different population groups.

Front 43

Survey Method

Back 43

A research method in which large samples of people are questioned by means of survey instruments.

Front 44

Incidence

Back 44

The number of new cases of a disorder that occur within a specific period of time.

Front 45

Prevalence

Back 45

The overall number of cases of a disorder in a population within a specific period of time.

Front 46

Random Sample

Back 46

A sample that is drawn in a way that every member of a population has an equal chance of being included.

Front 47

Genotype

Back 47

The set of traits identified by an individuals genetic code.

Front 48

Phenotype

Back 48

An individuals actual or expressed traits

Front 49

Proband

Back 49

The case first diagnosed with a given disorder

Front 50

Twin studies

Back 50

research identified individuals with a specific disorder who are members of MZ or DZ twin pairs and then study the other twins in pairs.

Front 51

Adoptee Studies

Back 51

Studies that compare the traits and behavior patterns of adopted children to those of their biological parents and their adoptive parents.

Front 52

Case Studies

Back 52

A carefully drawn biography based on clinical interviews, observations, and psychological tests.

Front 53

Single-case experimental design

Back 53

A type of case study in which the subject is used as his or her own control.

Front 54

Reversal design

Back 54

An experimental design that consists of repeated measurement of a subjects behavior through a sequence of alternating baseline and treatment phases.

Front 55

Critical Thinking

Back 55

Adoption of a questioning attitude and careful scrutiny of claims and arguments in the light of evidence.