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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chapter 6 |
Chapter 6 |
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Mood Disorders |
Bipolar and depressive disorders that consist of several conditions characterized by varying degrees of depressed (low) or manic (high) moods |
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Bipolar Disorders |
-Bipolar I -Bipolar II -Cyclothymia |
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Depressive Disorders |
-Major Depression -Dysthymia |
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Major Depressive Disorder |
-At least one major depressive episode -no history of manic or hypomanic episode |
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Major Depression Episode |
Depression symptoms longer than 2 weeks -dysphoria (sadness) -anhedonia (no pleasure) -significant weight loss/gain -fatigue -worthlessness -suicidal ideation |
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Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder) |
-Depressed mood most of the day, more days than not for 2+ years Characteristics -poor appetite/overeating -insomnia/hypersomnia/fatigue -low self esteem/ hopelessness -never been without sex for more than 2 months |
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Depression most common in? |
Women -those with fewer resources (education, $, employment) and caucasians |
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Major Depression |
-episode illness: people can be diagnosed as experiencing single or recurrent episodes -episode must only last 2 weeks to be diagnosed but can last months -approx 7-18% US Adults experience at least 1 episode by age 40 |
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Suicide |
Risk Factors -low serotonin -impulsivity -aggression |
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Suicide Facts |
-10th leading cause of death in the US -1 million deaths worldwide/year -Elderly (+65) are the most at risk (followed by adolescents) -Approx 3% individuals report suicidal ideation |
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Manic Episode |
-Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy lasting 1+ weeks characteristics -talkative -decreased need for sleep -racing thoughts -distractibility -goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation -high-risk activities |
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Hypersonic Episode |
Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy lasting 4+ days -Episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment (no hospitalization) |
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Bipolar I Disorder |
1+ manic episodes major depressive or hypomanic episodes may also be present but not needed for diagnosis |
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Bipolar II Disorder |
+hypomanic episode and 1+ major depressive episode -there has never been a manic episode |
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Cyclothymic Disorder |
2+ years (1+ in children) or sub threshold hypomanic and depressive symptoms Symptoms have been present at least half of the time and has not been symptom free for 2+ months |
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Bipolar Facts |
-effects only 1% of the population -Caucasians more likely diagnosed bipolar while African American more likely psychotic diagnosis -Average onset 18 yrs -rapid-cycling bipolar= 4 episodes per year -increased risk of suicide by 15x |
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Etiology |
Environmental factors (stress, loss, grief, relationship threat) burdens may precipitate depression |
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Treatment of MDD |
Biological -selective serotonin and epinephrine reuptake inhibitors -Electroconvulsive Therapy Psychological -Behavioral activation -Thought Restructuring |
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Chapter 7 |
Chapter 7 |
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Eating Disorders |
emerge within cultural contexts that sanction such behaviors -affects both gender (more prevalent w/ women) |
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Anorexia Nervosa (AN) |
-Intense fear of gaining weight -Restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight (<18.5 BMI) -Restricting type: 3+ months of dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise -Binge eating/purging type: 3+ months of binge eating or purging |
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Anorexia Nervosa Facts |
-Lifetime prevalence women = 0.9% men=0.3% -most fatal diagnoses (5-10% sufferers will die) -visible eating disorder |
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Bulimia Nervosa (BN) |
Recurrent binge-eating episodes -bouts of extreme overeating followed by depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting -occurs 1 time/week for 3 months |
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Bulimia Nervosa Facts |
1-3% in women 0.5% in men -non visible eating disorder (likely to be normal weight) -1,000 cal minimum to be considered binge but some dance up to 20,000 cal |
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Most common eating disorder? |
Eating Disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) -eating patterns abnormal, but did not actually fit criteria for AN or BN -18.5% |
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Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) |
recurrent binge-eating episodes -lack of control over eating, eating more than most individuals -do not purge after eating -1 time/week for 3+ months |
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Binge Eating Disorder Facts |
-3.5% women -2% men -affects approx 5-8% obese individuals |
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PICA |
persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances -keys, rocks, paper, barbies, etc cultural pica occurs in many countries (ashes in India for pregnancy) usually onset due to stress and/or vitamin/mineral deficiency (iron) |
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Chapter 8 |
Chapter 8 |
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Sexual Dysfunction (definition) |
clinically significant disturbances in a person's ability to respond sexually or experience sexual pleasure |
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Gender Dysphoria (definition) |
describes individuals who feel a marked incongruence between their assigned gender and their experienced/expressed gender -distress due to a mismatch between biological sex and gender identity |
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Paraphilia Disorders (definition) |
consists of intense and persistent sexual interest that is not directed toward phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners |
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Gender Dysphoria in Adults/Adolescents |
-clinically significant distress or impairment over one's entire identity as a male or female in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning |
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Gender Dysphoria facts |
-more common in men than women (adults) -significantly impacts the level of functioning and development -unknown causes but may be related to hormonal imbalances and begin prenatally |
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Sexual Functioning |
1) Desire Phase 2) Arousal Phase 3) Orgasm Phase 4) Resolution Phase *sexual dysfunction diagnosable in phases 1-3 |
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Sexual Dysfunctions |
-Absence or Impairment of some aspect of sexual response that causes significant distress and/or impairment given age, sex, and culture -Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder -Female Sexual Interest (Desire)/Arousal Disorder Erectile Disorder Delayed Ejaculation Female Orgasmic Disorder Premature Ejaculation Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder |
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Hypersexuality |
sexual addiction- dysfunctional preoccupation with sexual fantasy *not in DSM-5 |
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Paraphilia's |
Intense and persistent sexual interest other than interest in genital stimulation or foreplay with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human adults -only diagnosable if harm/impairment may be caused to another person |
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Two groups of disorders |
1) Deviant targets
2) Deviant activities |
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Deviant Targets |
Fetishistic Disorder -sexual arousal from nonliving objects/nongenital body parts (cross-dressing, sex-toys) Transvestic Disorder -Sexual arousal from cross-dressing Pedophilic Disorders -Sexual arousal from prepubescent children (<13) -Individual must be at least 16 and 5 years older than child -most common in men, once established disorders are often chronic |
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Pedophilia |
-not diagnosed unless person acts on sexual urges, is distressed, or suffers interpersonally -not criminal unless person acts on sexual urges (includes possessing porn) -girls more victims, homosexual have larger number of victims |
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Deviant Activities |
Exhibition Disorder -sexual arousal exposing genitals to inspecting person Frotteuristic Disorder -sexual arousal from touching rubbing agains unsuspecting person Voyeuristic Disorder -sexual arousal from observing inspecting person who is naked, undressing, or engaging in sex -at least 18 Sexual Masochism Disorder -sexual arousal from being humiliated, beaten, bound, or made to suffer Sexual Sadism Disorder -sexual arousal from physical/psychological suffering of another person |
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Prevalence and Treatment |
-Almost all men -sexual masochism 20 male : 1 female (avg adolescent) -Treatment is difficult but involves anti androgens and behavioral therapy |
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Chapter 9 |
Chapter 9 |
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Substance Use |
low to moderate use without problems with social, educational, or occupational functioning -glass of wine with dinner, occasional smoking, beer or 2 on weekends |
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Substance Use Disorder |
Problematicuse leading to D/I, manifested by 2+ Sx over 12 months 1.Substance taken in larger amounts or over longer period than intended 2.Desire or unsuccessful efforts to decrease use3.A lot of time spent obtaining, using, and recovering from substance 4.Craving 5.Failure to fulfill major role obligations 6.Continued use despite persistent social/interpersonal problems 7.Activities given up because of use 8.Recurrent use in physically dangerous situations 9.Continued use despite knowledge of a problem 10.Tolerance 11.Withdrawal |
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Tolerance and Withdrawal |
Tolerance -Need more to achieve same effect -Decreased effect with same amount or substance Withdrawal -concentration of substance declines |
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Caffeine |
CNS stimulant that boosts energy, mood, awareness, concentration and wakefulness -excess may produce headache, fatigue, depressed mood, irritability -most widely used drug worldwide |
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Nicotine |
-May enter the bloodstream via the lungs(smoking), mucus membranes of mouth/nose (chewing), or skin (patches) |
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Alcohol |
Functionsas a central nervous system depressant byslowing inhibiting brain functioning tolerance may result from regular use withdrawal symptoms include tremors, anxiety, irritability,agitation, cravings, insomnia, vomiting, headache, sweating, and hallucinations -second most commonly used substance |
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Marijuana |
-Active ingredient is THC -Heavy use may result in persistent memoryproblems and impaired attention/learning -Medicinal effects include treating nauseain chemotherapy, glaucoma, and appetite stimulation in people with AIDS -Most common illicit substance (7%) |
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Behavioral Addictions |
produce short term positive effects that increase behavior's frequency despite negative consequences -Gambling Disorder |
