Abnormal Psych Exam 2

Front 1

GAD gender

Back 1

55-65%

Front 2

GAD onset

Back 2

over 50% have as a child

Front 3

GAD course

Back 3

chronic, waxes and wanes

Front 4

GAD comorbidity

Back 4

50% have other anxiety disorder

Front 5

why are depression and anxiety comorbid?

Back 5

low serotonin

Front 6

sensitivity to risk/risk aversion

Back 6

GAD characteristic in family

Front 7

decreased gaba

Back 7

GAD characteristic in family

Front 8

gaba

Back 8

inhibits stops negative emotion

Front 9

tendency to be anxious, afraid something will go wrong

Back 9

GAD characteristic in family

Front 10

behavioral inhibition

Back 10

don't like novelty or change

Front 11

__ patients with GAD were behaviorally inhibited as children/ infants

Back 11

60%

Front 12

what did GAD patients have as children/infants

Back 12

behavioral inhibition

Front 13

limbic system controls...

what is the limbic system called

Back 13

emotion

monkey mind

Front 14

amygdala controls the....

Back 14

fear response

Front 15

what is overractive in GAD patients?

Back 15

amygdala/fear response

Front 16

what gets buried alive in GAD

Back 16

higher level functioning

Front 17

what does the brain stem control

Back 17

most basic functions

Front 18

marked or persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by presence of a specific object or situation

Back 18

specific phobia

Front 19

natural environment phobia

Back 19

heights

dark

holes

Front 20

What is different with blood/injection/injury phobias?

Back 20

opposite response

blood pressure drops

runs in families

Front 21

situational phobias

Back 21

claustrophobia

airplanes

bridges

Front 22

Specific phobia gender

Back 22

60-90% female

Front 23

Specific phobia onset

Back 23

child, adult 20's

Front 24

Specific phobia course

Back 24

20% fully remit

Front 25

What is autonomic lability and who has it? Why?

Back 25

sympathetic nervous system easily turned on

Specific phobia

it gets inherited

Front 26

2 biological reasons for specific phobia

Back 26

autonomic lability

biological preparedness

Front 27

established, how fear begins

Back 27

classical conditioning

Front 28

eggs w/birds

Back 28

UCS

Front 29

fear of eggs w/ birds

Back 29

UCR

Front 30

birds

Back 30

CS

Front 31

fear of birds

Back 31

CR

Front 32

always turned on

Back 32

parasympathetic nervous system

Front 33

turned on in emergencies

Back 33

sympathetic nervous system

Front 34

how fear is maintained, avoidance learning

Back 34

operant conditioning

Front 35

stairs take away anxiety, so ___ is ___

Back 35

avoidance, reinforced

Front 36

___ increases the chances that the anti-anxiety action will happen again

Back 36

reinforcement

Front 37

negative reinforcement

Back 37

take away something you don't like to decrease anxiety and increase action

Front 38

see, witness, hear, or experience someone else's fear

Back 38

observational learning

Front 39

marked and persistent fear of one or more ___ or ____ situations in which you're exposed to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny

Back 39

social phobia

Front 40

what do social phobics fear

Back 40

embarassment

Front 41

Social phobia gender

Back 41

equally male and female

Front 42

social phobia onset

Back 42

teenage years

Front 43

social phobia course

Back 43

lifelong, chronic

Front 44

social phobia temperament is ____

Back 44

inborn

Front 45

social phobics are sensitive to ___ and ___

Back 45

anger rejection

Front 46

2 cognitive components of social phobia

Back 46

high standards

high self monitoring

Front 47

read mood of others and adjust accordingly

Back 47

self monitoring

Front 48

vomit

Back 48

CC UCS social phobia

Front 49

fear-embarassment from vomit

Back 49

CC UCR social phobia

Front 50

dance-> social situations

Back 50

social phobia CC CS

Front 51

fear- embarrassment

Back 51

CC CR social phobia

Front 52

what are people avoiding in operant conditioning in social phobias? what are they not?

Back 52

scrutiny, not situation

Front 53

not individual diagnosis, but can be a central component of other disorders

Back 53

panic attack

Front 54

a period of intense fear or discomfort, in which ___ or more symptoms are present. Reach peak in _____ minutes

Back 54

panic attack, 4, 10

Front 55

agoraphobia greek term

Back 55

fear of the marketplace

Front 56

anxiety about being in places or situations from which ____ might be difficult or of a __ __

Back 56

agoraphobia, escape, panic attack

Front 57

agoraphobia fears typically involves a...

Back 57

cluster of situation

Front 58

recurrent panic attacks without fear of escape or fear of panic attacks, but persistent concern about attacks

Back 58

panic disorder without agoraphobia

Front 59

percent of people with panic disorder with agoraphobia

Back 59

30-50%, or 95%

Front 60

agoraphobia without panic disorder percent

Back 60

5%

Front 61

agoraphobia with fear of developing panic attacks but never meet criteria

Back 61

agoraphobia without panic disorder percent

Front 62

panic disorder without agoraphobia ratio F:M

Back 62

2:1

Front 63

panic disorder with agoraphobia ratio F:M

Back 63

3:1

Front 64

why more women with panic?

Back 64

vulnerable

stay in home

Front 65

the limbic system plays what role in anxiety? and what other brain structures are involved?

Back 65

in the limbic system is the behavioral inhibition system which responds to threat signals by causing anxiety.

This is distinct from panic circuit.

Brainstem relays potential danger to limbic system

Front 66

what is the FFS? What activates it?

Back 66

fight/flight system, stimulates panic

brainstem --> brain --> amygdala.

activated by deficiency in serotonin

Front 67

What is relationship between smoking and anxiety?

and panic? what is it attributed to?

Back 67

Smoking leads to anxiety disorders, especially panic and GAD. Nicotine increases somatic symptoms, which triggers anxiety/panic, and thereby increases vulnerability to anxiety

Front 68

what are autonomic restrictors?

Back 68

term for people with GAD

Show lower heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance, and respiration rate than other anxiety disorders

Front 69

Individuals with GAD are highly sensitive to what?

Back 69

threat, esp with personal relevance

Front 70

introceptive avoidance, what disorder is it related to

Back 70

remove oneself from a situation that starts or is similar to a panic attack

panic and agoraphobia

ex: avoid sauna because of sweat

Front 71

how do men with ___ cope?

Back 71

panic disorder, alcohol

Front 72

% of people with panic disorder experience nocturnal panic attacks

when does it occur

what causes attack

how do they differ from sleep terrors

Back 72

60% of panic disorders

deepest sleep-delta wave/slow wave

change in stage of sleep, to delta, produces sensation of letting go which is frightening

sleep terrors don't wake up or remember, nocturnal do

Front 73

what % of pop has experienced panic attack?

Under what conditions?

What percent develop panic disorder?

what is difference about individuals who don't develop anxiety?

Back 73

8-12%

periods of intense stress over previous year

5%

they attribute attack to the moment and move on

Front 74

what drugs widely used to treat panic?

What % of individuals stay panic free on drugs?

what is the relapse rate when meds are stopped?

what are findings regarding combined treatment of drugs with CBT?

How do drugs affect psych treatment

Back 74

SSRI's (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) & Xanax

60% stay panic free

50% relapse rate, 90% for Xanie

combined is no better than individual treatment

relapse rate increased when drugs were added

Front 75

which specific phobia has an equal sex ratio

what is median age for specific phobia

Back 75

fear of heights

7 years old

Front 76

What is separation anxiety disorder? Who experiences it?

Back 76

CHILDREN'S unrealistic and persistant worry that something will happen to parents or something will (permanently) separate them from important people or parents

Front 77

two most prevalent anxiety disorders in the US? in order

Back 77

1. specific phobia

2. social phobia

Front 78

What is ptsd?

What are the symptoms?

How does it differ from acute stress disorder?

Best treatment?

Back 78

Enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to severe helplessness or fear-inducing threat. The victim reexperiences, avoids, and goes numb, and vigilant/aroused. experience "flashbacks"

Acute stress disorder is PTSD or like it, occurring within the 1rst month after trauma. Acute is MORE SEVERE.

Use imaginal exposure

Front 79

What obsessions are associated with what rituals?

Back 79

forbidden thoughts- checking rituals

symmetry- ordering/arranging/repeating

contamination- washing rituals

Front 80

agoraphobia greek term

Back 80

fear of the marketplace

Front 81

what does agoraphobia fear?

Back 81

situations where escape is difficult

having a panic attack

Front 82

what does agoraphobia involve?

Back 82

a cluster of situations

Front 83

obsession, what is it not?

Back 83

thoughts, impulses, and/or images that are intrusive and inappropriate

not simply excessive worries

Front 84

common obsessions

Back 84

contamination, symmetry, aggresive, sexual

Front 85

compulsion

Back 85

repetitive actions, behaviors, and mental acts aimed at reducing/preventing distress. not connected or clearly excessive.

Front 86

common compulsions

Back 86

washing, checking, arranging, ordering

Front 87

OCD onset

Back 87

chronic, waxes and wanes

Front 88

biological reasons for OCD

Back 88

-injury/illness

-overactive frontal lobes

-overactive basal ganglia

Front 89

brain biological reason for obsessions, what does it control/cause

Back 89

overactive frontal lobes, causes overconcern with own thoughts

Front 90

brain biological reason for compulsions, what does it control/cause

Back 90

overactive basal ganglia, motor behavior

ex: tourettes

Front 91

What two things are behaviorally inhibited

Back 91

social phobia and GAD