Abnormal Psych Exam 2

Front 1

Fear

Back 1

the central nervous system's physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one's well-being

Front 2

Anxiety

Back 2

the central nervous system's physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger

Front 3

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Back 3

also called free-floating anxiety: a disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities

Front 4

Sociocultural theory on GAD

Back 4

develops in people who are faced with ongoing societal conditions that are dangerous (people in highly threatening environments are indeed more likely to develop the general feelings of tension, anxiety, and fatigue

Front 5

Humanistic theory on GAD

Back 5

arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly (repeated denials of their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior make these people extremely anxious and unable to fulfill their potential as human beings

Front 6

Cognitive theory on GAD

Back 6

caused by dysfunctional ways of thinking

Front 7

Biological theory on GAD

Back 7

caused chiefly by biological factors

Front 8

Phobias

Back 8

a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation; more intense and persistent and the desire to avoid the object or situation is stronger

Front 9

Specific phobia

Back 9

a severe and persistent fear of a specific object or situation (usually animals, heights, enclosed spaces, thunderstorms, and blood)

Front 10

Agoraphobia

Back 10

an anxiety disorder in which a person is afraid to be in public situation from which escape might be difficult or help unavailable if panic-like or embarrassing symptoms were to occur

Front 11

Behavioral explanations of phobias

Back 11

Two factor theory; classical conditioning and modeling

Front 12

Stimulus generalizatoin

Back 12

responses to one stimulus are also Behavioral evolutionary (humans have a predisposition to develop certain fears)

Front 13

Social anxiety disorder

Back 13

a severe and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur

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Panic disorder

Back 14

persistent concern about panic attacks, worry about consequences of panic attacks

Front 15

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Back 15

obsessions = intrusive and repetitive thoughts or images that produce anxiety

Compulsions = repetitive, ritualistic act that serves to reduce the anxiety or obsessions

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Cognitive explanation for OCD

Back 16

"control" and "neutralize" thoughts; intolerance of uncertainty

Front 17

Behavioral explanation for OCD

Back 17

compulsions are learned (learns that this behavior is done in this way reduces their anxiety)

Front 18

Biological explanation for OCD

Back 18

Low levels of serotonin, overactive orbital frontal cortex and caudate nucleus

Front 19

Body dysmorphic disorder

Back 19

Preoccupation with imagined or slight physical defect in a normal appearing person (spend hours trying to hide the imagined defect)

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Depression

Back 20

Affective symptoms: sadness, dejection, excessive and prolonged mourning, sense of worthlessness, hopelessness, or helplessness

Cognitive symptoms: pessimism, guilt, inability to concentrate, loss of interest, suicidal thoughts

Physiological symptoms: changes in appetite and sleep, loss of sex drive, fatigue

Behavioral symptoms: social withdrawal, low energy, psychomotive retardation or agitation

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Major Depressive Disorder

Back 21

2 weeks of 5 of more symptoms, which must include sad/depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure

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Bipolar disorder

Back 22

presence of manic episode; distinct period of elevated, expansive or irritable mood lasting 1 week with 3 or more symptoms

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Type I Bipolar

Back 23

presence or history of manic episodes

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Type II

Back 24

presence of a hypomanic episode (don't last long; 4-5 days; less severe) and a depressive episode

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Cognitive behvaior explanations of depression

Back 25

Reinforcement model: people experience depression because there re insufficient reinforcers in their environment and too many punishments

Cognitive model: automatic thoughts (we engage in negative thoughts that are automatic; don't realize we are thinking these thoughts)

Negative triad: negative thoughts focus on self, world and future

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Sociocultural explanations for depression

Back 26

stressful life events

Front 27

biological explanations for depressoin

Back 27

neurotransmitter dysregulation: mania = low levels of serotonin, high levels norepinephrine

depression = low levels of both

Brain abnormalities: lower metabolic activity in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, high metabolic activity in amygdala

Genetics: short allele of certainty transporter gene (5-HTTLPR)

Front 28

Suicide

Back 28

intentional, direct, and conscious effort to end one's life (10th leading cause of death in the U.S.)

Front 29

Gender differences in suicide

Back 29

women attempt 3x more often

men complete 4x more often (use more lethal means like guns)

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Age differences in suicide

Back 30

40-50 range attempt suicide most

Front 31

Ethnic difference

Back 31

Native American men are more likely to commit suicide

Front 32

Retrospective analysis

Back 32

once someone commits suicide, a psychologist will dive into that person's life to see if they can back track and identify warning signs that can predict that person committing suicide (interview family members, friends, significant others, look for notes, interview the person who attempted suicide but didn't complete)

Front 33

Indirect suicidal thoughts

Back 33

"I just want out"

"Who cares if I'm dead anyway"

Front 34

Direct suicidal thoughts

Back 34

"I wish i were dead"

"If X happens/doesn't happen, I'll kill myself"