A2 Psychology- Aggression- Institutional Aggression Only!

Front 1

What is institutional aggression also known as?

Back 1

PRISONS.

Front 2

What is institutional aggression?

Back 2

refers to aggression within groups (institutions) or between groups (such as genocide). statistics suggested that prisons are incredibly dangerous, 2007 reported that 70,000 US inmates had been victims of sexual violence behind bars (Beck and Harrison, 2007). Its important to investigate these explanations.

Hint 2

Who is it between?

Give some statistics, 2007.

Front 3

Is the importation nature or nurture?

Back 3

NATURE

Front 4

What is the importation model?

Back 4

suggests prisoners 'import' personality traits such as violent disposition into prisons.

Hint 4

What do people do with their behaviour?

Front 5

What did Irwin and Cressey (1962) postulate about the importation model?

Back 5

that individuals who enter prison with particular characteristics are more likely to engage in violence than those who do not possess these characteristics- Violence is NOT a product of the institution but the characteristics of those within the institution.

Hint 5

When people go into prison, what they are likely to do?

Front 6

What did Adams (1981) further state about the importation model?

Back 6

Younger inmate find it hard to adjust to prison life and are more likely to engage in violence than others. They are more likely to view violence as an appropriate way of solving conflicts.

Hint 6

Younger inmates find it hard to do this, so it leads to this.

Front 7

What did Harer and Steffensmeier (2002) find about the importation model?

Back 7

58 US prisons, black inmates have higher rates of violence. White inmates have a higher rate of alcohol and drugs misconduct than black inmates. Prison aggression is reflecting racial differences in behaviour across society as a whole. suggesting prisoners do have imported aggressive behaviour.

Hint 7

Black, white inmates

Front 8

What did DeLisi (2004) found about the importation model?

Back 8

it opposed, the importation model as it say they have a higher level of violence in prison. Delisi used 800 male inmates, and found gang membership prior to imprisonment had no effect on violent conduct

Front 9

What is the deprivation model?

Back 9

Prisoner aggression is the product of stressful/oppressive conditions of the institution aggression (Paterline and Peterson, 1999). E.g. Hillsborough disaster, crowding which is known to increase frustration. Staff may also experience this, prison guard to prisoner violence. e.g. Abu Ghraib.

Front 10

Who stated that prisoners experience 'pains' and what type of 'pains'. (Deprivation model)

Back 10

Skyes (1958)- prisoners experience 'pains' such as lack of heterosexual relationships, loss of freedom, border etc. leads to a reaction of interpersonal violence.

Front 11

What type of 'effect' is linked with the deprivation model?

Back 11

The 'Lucifer' effect.

Hint 11

DEVIL

Front 12

What does the 'Lucifer' effect state?

Back 12

Changes that can occur in a seemingly moral and good human under oppressive conditions is referred to as 'the lucifer effect'. Situational change to the sending of the sending of on

Hint 12

DEVIL INFLUENCES YOU!

Front 13

What did McCorkle et al (1995) find?

Back 13

found no evidence to support a correlation between violence aspects of prison environment in 371 US prisons. Deprivations of prison life was constant, serious outbreaks are not. Prison violence was not down to deprivations but was due to poor management.

Hint 13

THIS IS A POSITIVE MODEL.

Front 14

What was the study Poole and Regoli (1983) finds about deprivation?

Back 14

Young offenders 4 institution, and found that pre-institution violence was the best predictor of inmate aggression, regardless of features. FOUND IMPORTATION IS THE DETERMINING FACTOR.

Hint 14

WHO DID THEY USE AND WHAT DID THEY FIND. BARE IN MIND ITS A NEGATIVE.

Front 15

What was the real life application study?

Back 15

Wilson (2010)- making cells less claustrophobic, hot an noisy virtually eradicated assaults on prison guards. However, changes has not been made as prison is a punishment.

Hint 15

Your meant to be punished, not live happily.

Front 16

What did the dehumanisation model follow on from?

Back 16

The deprivation model

Front 17

What is dehumanisation?

Back 17

believing someone is NOT human, they don't have human qualities.

Hint 17

You dog.

Front 18

What are humans morally inhibited against?

Back 18

Harming other humans, but can change if another group is seen as worthless animals.

Front 19

When is institutional aggression more likely to occur?

Back 19

When one group is given a dehumanised label.

Front 20

How did Zimbardo's study (1973) support the dehumanisation model?

Back 20

The prisoner was referred to as numbers (deindividuated- plimiinary form of dehumanisation) and prisoner outfit. Guards have glasses (deindividuated) so they became aggressive to the prisoners.

Front 21

What did Bandura (1975) find?

Back 21

Pps were told they had to work with another group and overheard an assistant either calling they 'animals' or as 'nice'. Later on they were given shocks, stronger shocks were given to those who are 'animals'. Dehumanisation has powerful effects on aggression between two groups.

Front 22

What was the 'concludory' study?

Back 22

Jing et al (2002)- found the deprivation model better explains violence against staff, whereas the importation model better explains violence against other inmates.