8Th Grade Science Rocks

Front 1

Rocks

Back 1

Mixtures of different minerals.

Front 2

Rock Groups

Back 2

1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic

Front 3

Igneous Rocks

Back 3

The first types of rocks to exist on the earth. Formed from the cooling and hardening of either magma or lava.

Front 4

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Back 4

These rocks form underground from cooled/hardened magma.

Front 5

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Back 5

These rocks form on the earth's surface from cooled/hardened lava.

Front 6

Pores

Back 6

These openings are formed in rocks from escaping gases.

Front 7

What causes a rock to have extremely shiny, glassy surfaces?

Back 7

Extreme rapid cooling.

Front 8

Where do most sedimentary rocks form?

Back 8

Under water

Front 9

Clastic Rocks

Back 9

Rocks formed from tiny particles of rock, mineral, or mud.

Front 10

Chemical Rocks

Back 10

Rocks formed when large bodies of water evaporate.

Front 11

Organic Rocks

Back 11

Rocks formed from the remains of living things.

Front 12

What causes Acid Rain?

Back 12

Pollutants released from the burning of coal.

Front 13

What are 2 factors needed to change existing rocks into metamorphic rocks?

Back 13

Heat and Pressure

Front 14

Foliated Rock

Back 14

Rocks with layers

Front 15

Non-Foliated Rock

Back 15

Rocks without layers

Front 16

What Rock is the most important to us now for ENERGY?
(We need it to make electricity.)

Back 16

Coal

Front 17

Why is anthracite coal preferred over bituminous coal as an energy source?

Back 17

1. It burns at a higher temperature.
2. It releases fewer pollutants.

Front 18

The Rock Cycle

Back 18

1. Rocks on earth undergo constant change, occurs slowly.
2. It shows that any type of rock can be changed into any other type of rock.

Front 19

Weathering

Back 19

When various agents such as rain, changing temperatures, animal action, etc., all combine to break rock apart into smaller and smaller pieces.

Front 20

Soil

Back 20

Loose rock material in which plants can grow. Vital to life on earth.

Front 21

What do plants provide?

Back 21

1. Food
2. Oxygen

Front 22

The rocks found in soil from smallest to largest.

Back 22

1. clay
2. silt
3. sand
4. gravel

Front 23

The 2 major ingredients of soil.

Back 23

1. rock (most common)
2. humus

Front 24

Humus

Back 24

Any decaying organic material such as rotting plant or animal material. Contains
valuable nutrients that new plants need in order to grow.

Front 25

Loam

Back 25

Soil that consists of fairly equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay particles mixed together with a generous supply of humus.

Front 26

Soil Horizons

Back 26

1. Top=
Horizon A (topsoil)
2. Middle=
Horizon B (subsoil)
3. Bottom=
Horizon C

Front 27

Shale

Back 27

Called "mudstone" as it forms from layers of mud packed & hardened together.

Front 28

Metamorphic Rocks

Back 28

Rocks that have been changed into a new form by heat and pressure.

Front 29

Where does the Rock Cycle occur?

Back 29

Everywhere, but especially at the plate boundaries.

Front 30

What is Bedrock?

Back 30

The layer of solid rock that is located under Horizon C.