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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the three main layers of the Earth's interior
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Crust, Mantle, and Core
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Name the three different types of rock
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Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
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How is an igneous rock formed?
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In a volcano
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How is a sedimentary rock formed?
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Layers of sediment pile up and pressure is exposed to them
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How is a metamorphic rock formed?
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Heat and Pressure
(Ponies hate Mangoes) |
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In a compound, chemical engery is contained in the ________
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bonds
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Ionization energies tend to ______ from left to right across a period. (increase/decrease)
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increase
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Name a typical property of an ionic compound
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Tendency to shatter when struck
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(T/F) Ionic compounds are crystals.
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TRUE
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Name 2 properties of metals.
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Metals are shiny and malleable, they are good conducters of electric current
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In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from _____________ to ____________
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group to group
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How do you find the atomic mass of an element?
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It is the sum of the protons and neutrons.
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Mendeleev arranged the known chemical elements in a table according to increasing________
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Mass
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How are rocks classified?
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By how they are formed!
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99% of all matter that can be observed in the universe exists in what state of matter?
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plasma
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During a phase change, the temperature of a substance ________
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does not change
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What is the heat of fusion for water?
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The amount of energy needed for water to melt
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The state of matter that exists only at extremely laow temps
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Bose-Einstein Condensate
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The Kinetic Theory of Matter
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All particles of matter are in constant motion
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If a material contains three elements joined together in a fixed composition, it is a ______
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compound
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If a substance cannot be broken down, it is a _______
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an element/made of one kind of atom
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Viscosity
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The tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing
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COnductivity
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A material's ability to let heat and electricity pass through it
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Nalleability
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The ability of a solid to be hammered without it breaking
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Hardness
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The resistance of a mineral to scratching
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Density
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The ratio of a material's mass to its volume
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Luster
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the way a mineral's surface reflects light
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Solution
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A mixture that forms when substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture
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Suspention
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A heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time
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Colloid
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A mixture that contains some particles that are intermediate in seze between the small particles in a solution and the large ones in a suspention
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Who provided evidence for the existence of a nucleus in an atom?
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Ernest Rutherford
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What did John Dalton observe about when elements combine in a compound?
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The ratio of their masses is always the same
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JJ Thompson's provided what evidence?
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That an atom contains negatively charged particles
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How do electrons move in Bohr's model of an atom?
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Electrons move like planets orbiting the sun
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The word atom comes from a greek word meaning....
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indivisible
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Metals become increasinly reactive as we go (up/down) and (right/left) on the table
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down, left
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The formation of an ionic bond involves the (sharing/transfer) of electrons
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transfer
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What does a catalyst do?
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Speeds up a reation
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what does pH stand for?
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Potential of Hydrogen
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What do bases form when dissolved in water?
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Hydroxide ions
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What do acids form when dissolved in water?
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Hydronium ions
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What is a proton donor?
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an acid
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What is a proton acceptor
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a base
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Main points in Dalton's theory of atoms.
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-All elements are composed of atoms
-In a particular compund, atoms of different elements always combine the same way -Compounds contain atoms of more than one element |
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WHat did Thomson do?
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"plum pudding model"
-positive charges in atom |
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What did Rutherford do?
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"gold foil experiment"
-dense, positively charged nucleus -electrons move randomly around nucleus -most of atom is empty space |
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What did BOhr say?
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He said that electrons move in spherical orbits at fixed distances from nucleus around it
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Schroedinger?
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Electron Cloud model ----> probablility
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What are Isotopes?
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They are atoms with the same atomic number, but w/ different atomic masses. THis is b/c they have a different # of neutrons than the regular atome.
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What is an experiment?
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An organized procedure to test a hypothesis
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What is a variable?
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The part of an experiment that changes
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What is a dependant variable?
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It is what you are measuring, it depends on the independant variable
-Y axis |
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Independant variable?
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EX: time
-X axis |
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What are the steps of the Scientific Method in order from first to last?
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-Identify the Problem
-Gather Info -State a Hypothesis -Design and carry out an experiment -Make observations and record data -Organize and analyze data -State conclusion |
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What are the three branches of science?
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Physical, Earth/Space, and Life sciences
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Physical Science is broken up into what two sub-categories?
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Physics and Chemistry
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