390 - Final Exam Study Guide

Front 1

What are the phases of the human sexual response cycle described by Masters and

Johnson?

Back 1

Excitement, orgasm and resolution

Front 2

What was the basis of the descriptions of the human sexual response cycle offered by William Masters and Virginia Johnson?

Back 2

observations of people engaging in sexual

activities

Front 3

Some of the most dramatic physiological changes during sexual excitement are due to vasocongestion, which refers to

Back 3

engorgement of blood vessels of various organs, especially genitals

Front 4

Kevin has just reached orgasm and finds that he is unable to get an erection again. Although this concerns him greatly, it is actually a normal

phenomenon called

Back 4

resolution phase

Front 5

What is the major difference between men and women in the sexual response cycle?

Back 5

Women may be able to respond to stimulation during the resolution phase

Front 6

Which of the following was characteristic of the interviews Alfred Kinsey conducted between 1938 and 1956 about sexual behavior?

Back 6

They focused on experiences that resulted in

orgasm

Front 7

What new social attitude about sex led to the belief that sexual dysfunctions are a legitimate topic of psychological inquiry?

Back 7

greater tolerance of sexual variation among

consenting adults and increased concern

about impairments in sexual performance and

experiences

Front 8

From the extensive information it collected

concerning patterns of sexual activity, what did the National Health and Social Life Survey reveal concerning the achievement of orgasms by men and women?

Back 8

A larger percentage of men than women report that they always have an orgasm

Front 9

What was one of Alfred Kinsey's conclusions based on interviews with 18,000 men and women between 1938 and 1956?

Back 9

Distinctions among sexual orientations were

essentially meaningless

Front 10

According to DSM-5, it is possible for a person to be uninterested in sex or to have difficulty engaging in sexual relations and yet not be

diagnosed with any sexual dysfunction because

Back 10

the person might not experience any distress or interpersonal difficulty

Front 11

Mary has been experiencing pain during intercourse. Mary’s psychologist is likely to refer to that persistent genital pain as

Back 11

dyspareunia

Front 12

Hypoactive sexual desire refers to a(n)

Back 12

low sex drive

Front 13

Dyspareunia refers to

Back 13

Painful intercourse

Front 14

The condition in women that is characterized by sexual desire that is not accompanied by

physiological responses necessary to achieve

intercourse, such as vaginal lubrication, is known as

Back 14

inhibited sexual arousal

Front 15

A proposal was submitted, and ultimately rejected, to add __________ to DSM-5. Among

other features, individuals present symptoms such as reckless and uncontrolled sexual behavior.

Back 15

hypersexual disorder

Front 16

What is the central problem in paraphilias?

Back 16

sexualarousal is dependent on images that are detached from reciprocal, loving relationships with another adult; hostility and violence are common to these fantasies

Front 17

A drag queen who is gay and who cross-dresses would probably not be diagnosed with

transvestic disorder because

Back 17

it occurs almost exclusively among heterosexual males

Front 18

Based on the Ted Talk from Dr. Longden (the woman with schizophrenia), schizophrenia should be seen as a(an):

Back 18

source of insights to emotional traumas and one can still live productive life w/o medication

Front 19

The most common age when symptoms of schizophrenia may initially appear is

Back 19

between adolescence and adulthood

risk of development of first episode is between

15 and 35 years of age

Front 20

Ted is taking notes in an abnormal psychology course; the topic today is the diagnosis of schizophrenia. When Ted reviews the material next week, how might he summarize the material on the symptoms used to identify schizophrenia?

Back 20

No single symptom is indicative of schizophrenia

Front 21

The phase of schizophrenia in which the most dramatic symptoms of psychosis have improved, but in which the person continues to be

impaired in various ways, is labeled

Back 21

residual phase

Front 22

Which of the following is an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Back 22

hallucinations and delusions

Front 23

The most common age when symptoms of schizophrenia may initially appear is

Back 23

between adolescence and adulthood

Front 24

What are delusions?

Back 24

false beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality

Front 25

Melissa begins giggling when discussing a recent car accident in which her brother was killed, and she cries when telling a joke she heard on

television. What term do we for this behavior?

Back 25

inappropriate affect

Front 26

How do positive and negative symptoms compare in terms of their course over time?

Back 26

Negative symptoms are more stable

Front 27

If the physiological effects of a drug of abuse are involved in the disturbance, the DSM-5 diagnosis

Back 27

excludes schizophrenia

Front 28

The best predictor of schizophrenia symptom severity at follow-up is

Back 28

the severity of psychotic symptoms at initial

assessment

Front 29

Rich always heard that there are no gender differences in the rate of schizophrenia;

however, he has just been told that closer inspection yields certain differences of interest. Which of the following describes some of those differences?

Back 29

Men develop the disorder earlier and have a more chronic course

Men are 30-40% more likely to develop

schizophrenia than women

Front 30

During an interview, a patient suffering from schizophrenia gives answers that seem to be

responses to the questions but are entangled in irrelevant details. What term is used to describe this phenomenon?

Back 30

tangentiality

Front 31

What do studies of concordance rates for

schizophrenia in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins show?

Back 31

monozygotic (identical twins) = 48%

dizygotic (fraternal twins) = 17%

Front 32

Mark is a patient who has been diagnosed with catatonic behavior. Which of these symptoms might characterize his condition?

Back 32

He appears frozen, like a mannequin

Front 33

Measures of blood flow in various areas of the cerebral cortex show that while working on various tasks, schizophrenic patients do not show expected increases in blood flow to the

Back 33

prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes

Front 34

Stanley is 65, and for the past couple of years he has been suffering from a gradual worsening of his memory, as well as experiencing some language difficulties and problems with his reasoning and decision making. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Back 34

dementia

Front 35

Typically the symptoms of delirium

Back 35

occur rapidly and fluctuate throughout the day

Front 36

In trying to make a differential diagnosis between delirium and dementia, which of the following would be accurate?

Back 36

Delirium often involves hallucinations, but

dementia rarely does

Front 37

Among elderly psychiatric patients, neurocognitive disorders are the ________

disorders.

Back 37

most frequent

Front 38

Two patients on the neurology ward at the

hospital have different memory problems. Ann has difficulty remembering what happened before a car accident, whereas Carson's difficulty is in learning to remember new material. At a case conference, how will these two cases be

described?

Back 38

Ann has retrograde amnesia;

Carson has anterograde amnesia

Front 39

A group of medical students is learning the

criteria used to diagnose neurocognitive

disorders. The professor is discussing evidence of disturbances of consciousness along with changes in cognition, such as memory deficits, that occur rapidly. What type of disorder is being discussed?

Back 39

delirium

Front 40

Aphasia refers to various types of loss or impairment in

Back 40

language

Front 41

A television report described a case of a person who exhibited a disturbance in consciousness, memory deficits, and disorientation to time and place. If these symptoms developed within 24 hours, you believe the diagnosis is

Back 41

delirium

Front 42

Which of these individuals is experiencing visual agnosia?

Back 42

Tess, who does not recognize a pencil as something meaningful

Front 43

If asked to imagine a church, some individuals with autism (like Temple Grandin), will picture every church they have seen like a slide show or google image search, which is different for a “normal” person who will typically picture a single prototype.

Back 43

True

Front 44

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), as well as DSM-5, use the term ________ for what was previously called "mental retardation."

Back 44

intellectual disability

Front 45

A potential problem for the interpretation of IQ scores is the observation that IQ scores in general are rising across generations. The phenomenon is known as the

Back 45

Flynn effect

Front 46

The disruption of short-term memory, perceptual skills, and higher-level cognitive abilities for people with dementia can also lead to

Back 46

disruptions of judgment

Front 47

In DSM-5, the disorders that were formerly referred to as “amnestic disorders” are now

included under the classification of

Back 47

major neurocognitive disorder

Front 48

Vaccines can cause Autism in some children

Back 48

False

Front 49

Which of the following characterizes the physical appearance of children with ASD?

Back 49

normal physical appearance

Front 50

Which of the following is a DSM-5 criterion for intellectual disability?

Back 50

significant limitation in adaptive functioning

Front 51

Which of the following is one of the classic symptoms of ASD?

Back 51

impaired communication ability

Front 52

29-year-old Brenda has an IQ of 67, yet she

finished fourth grade. She lives with her boyfriend, pays her bills with money she earns as a factory worker, and is able to live without supervision. What is Brenda's most likely diagnosis in terms of the DSM-5 classification of intellectual disability?

Back 52

not intellectual disability, because she is functioning adaptively

Front 53

Uttering phrases back is known as

Back 53

echolalia

Front 54

Temple Grandin was diagnosed as autistic when she was young. What aspect of her life has been of special interest to psychologists?

Back 54

She earned a Ph.D. in animal science and has

developed widely used techniques for animal management

Front 55

What is savant performance?

Back 55

an exceptional skill in a specific area

Front 56

Alfred Binet and Theophile Simon developed the first intelligence test in 1905 in response to a request by the French government to identify

Back 56

children in need of special educational services

Front 57

What is the gender distribution of ASD?

Back 57

Four times as many boys as girls have ASD

Front 58

Which of the following symptoms are associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?

Back 58

mild intellectual disability and learning disabilities

Front 59

By their 30s, individuals with Down syndrome develop brain pathology that is similar to that found in

Back 59

Alzheimer's disease

Front 60

What is the major contribution of a developmental psychopathology perspective

on children's problems?

Back 60

provides norms across the lifespan that can be used to

determine whether a behavior is abnormal

Front 61

Externalizing problems that begin ________ are more likely to persist into adult life

Back 61

before adolescence

Front 62

The PTA invited a speaker to address the topic of crime among adolescents. What information might the speaker cite in this talk to parents of young people?

Back 62

The worst five percent of juvenile offenders account for about half of all juvenile arrests

Front 63

Adolescents often engage in rule violations, so it is essential to distinguish between _________ and _________ antisocial behavior.

Back 63

adolescent-limited / life-course-persistent

Front 64

Based on recent research, to predict antisocial personality disorder, you would focus on the variable of ________ in the child.

Back 64

callousness

Front 65

Compared to boys, girls are more likely to engage in ________, actions designed to hurt others in STRATEGIC ways, such as put downs, gossip, and social exclusion.

Back 65

relational aggression

Front 66

Hyperactivity is most notable in

Back 66

structured settings, such as classrooms

Front 67

The continuous performance test is used to measure

Back 67

sustained attention

Front 68

General “spaciness,” frequent shifts from one uncompleted activity to another, careless

mistakes, and poor organization are descriptors for

Back 68

attention deficits

Front 69

Which of the following is one of DSM-5’s criteria for hyperactivity and impulsivity in a child with ADHD?

Back 69

often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate

Front 70

What is the key difference between ADHD and ODD?

Back 70

ADHD behavior is unintentional,

while ODD behavior is intentional

Front 71

A psychologist is evaluating a child by first trying to determine if the child loses his temper, if he argues with adults, and if he is often spiteful and vindictive. To which disorder does the focus of the psychologist's evaluations lead?

Back 71

oppositional defiant disorder

Front 72

Which part of the brain controls executive

functions, including attention, inhibition, and emotion regulation, and is being studied as a possible biological factor in ADHD?

Back 72

prefrontal cortical-striatal network

Front 73

Which of the following is a criterion for

diagnosing oppositional defiant disorder,

according to DSM-5?

Back 73

often argues with authority figures or, for children and adolescents, argues with adults

Front 74

Inborn behavioral characteristics such as activity level, emotionality, and sociability are known as

Back 74

temperament

Front 75

Genetic factors explain ________ percent of the variance in ADHD symptoms, a much higher

proportion than for most behavior disorders.

Back 75

90%

Front 76

The process of shaping children’s behavior and attitudes to conform to the expectations of parents, teachers, and society as a whole is known as

Back 76

socialization

Front 77

Developmental psychologists classify parenting into four styles based on warmth and discipline. Which is most likely to produce well-adjusted children?

Back 77

authoritative

Front 78

How do psychostimulant drugs affect normal children?

Back 78

improve attention and decrease motor activity

Front 79

Behavioral family therapy seems to be promising as a treatment for

Back 79

oppositional defiant disorder

Front 80

Which of the following is an example of an internalizing symptom?

Back 80

sadness, fears and social withdrawal

Front 81

Adult development is characterized by

Back 81

coping with fairly predictable challenges

Front 82

Which of the following is characteristic of life-cycle transitions?

Back 82

They are times when people often struggle as they move from one life stage to the next

Front 83

Which of the following characterizes Erik Erikson’s conceptualization of human development?

Back 83

Each stage involves a crisis of the healthy

personality

Front 84

In order to meet the DSM-5 definition of an adjustment disorder, two conditions must be met: (1) clinically significant symptoms occur in response to stress, and (2)

Back 84

these symptoms are not severe enough to be

labeled a mental disorder

Front 85

DSM-5 groups adjustment disorders, acute stress disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder together because all are caused by stress. What makes adjustment disorder different from the other two?

Back 85

Adjustment disorder can be a reaction to a stressor of any severity

Front 86

According to Erik Erikson, the resolution of the identity crisis typically occurs in what

developmental stage?

Back 86

adolescence

Front 87

Which of Marcia’s proposed categories of

identity conflicts is described as “young adults who never questioned themselves or their goals but instead proceed along the

predetermined course of their childhood

commitments”?

Back 87

identity foreclosure

Front 88

At age 10, Joseph decided to become a priest. By age 20, he had the same goal, never having considered any other options and never having questioned his earlier decision. Which of the following terms describes Joseph’s identity

category?

Back 88

identity foreclosure

Front 89

Many consider the identity crisis to be a necessary and inevitable part of transitioning to adulthood. Nevertheless, we should remember that the way any person responds to parental authority is influenced by

Back 89

culture

Front 90

What treatment approach do many clinicians suggest for those experiencing distress

associated with transitions to adult life?

Back 90

supportive and non-directive

Front 91

Critics of Erik Erikson’s views on adult

psychosocial development believed that men form identities based on work and that women form identities based on________. In recent years, however, gender roles are changing for both

sexes.

Back 91

relationships

Front 92

Social scientists often see family change in terms of the ________, or the developmental course of family relationships.

Back 92

family life cycle

Front 93

What did research by Gorchaff, John, and Helson reveal about the relationship between having children and marital satisfaction?

Back 93

Marital satisfaction declines with the birth of children and rises when the children leave home

Front 94

Psychologists are not so much interested in the content of family struggles as the process. One of the most consistent findings concerns ________, or social exchange of cooperation and conflict.

Back 94

reciprocity

Front 95

Marital conflict and distress tend to be associated with an increased risk for __________,

especially among women.

Back 95

depression

Front 96

A researcher wants to discover whether a particular behavior is caused by genetic background or by environmental factors. This can be complicated by the ________, the fact that environmental experience is itself affected by genetic background.

Back 96

gene-environment correlation