3300

Front 1

habitat

Back 1

resources and correct environmental conditions to promote residency and allows them to survive and reproduce

Front 2

habitat requirements are species specific and have unique requirements

Back 2

physiology, morphology, life history, behavior

Front 3

Habitat selection

Back 3

environmental cues signal resources, organisms use those cues to select habitat, reinforced by natural selection

Front 4

What determines how good a habitat is?

Back 4

Places where survival and reproductive rates are high, where limiting factors are less limited

Front 5

Ecological traps

Back 5

area with cues that it provides habitat resources, but where animals have relatively low rates of survival reproduction or both, misleading to organism, usually areas with a lot of human modification

Front 6

hydrology

Back 6

circulation and distribution of water

Front 7

hydrophyte

Back 7

water loving plant

Front 8

hydric soils

Back 8

develop under anaerobic conditions

Front 9

Marsh

Back 9

tidal/coastal: runoff, salt tolerant

nontidal/inland: poorly drained areas, herbaceous plants and grasses

Front 10

Fen

Back 10

groundwater, herbaceous

Front 11

Bog

Back 11

rainwater, sphagnum (love water) moss with trees and shrubs

Front 12

Swamp

Back 12

surface water inputs, woody; trees and shrubs

Front 13

Ecological functions of wetlands

Back 13

flood conveyance, protection from storm waves and erosion, sediment control, fish and shellfish habitat, waterbirds and other wildlife, water quality

Front 14

wildlife management

Back 14

manipulating habitats or populations to meet some human goal

Front 15

natal dispersal

Back 15

young move from where they're born to the place they reproduce

Front 16

adult dispersal

Back 16

one way movement of an individual to a new habitat after reaching sexual maturity

Front 17

Ultimate mechanisms of dispersal

Back 17

mate competition, inbreeding avoidance, resource competition

Front 18

What are stochastic (density independent) factors that limit population growth?

Back 18

random, demographic, environmental

Front 19

Type 1

Back 19

humans, high survivorship of young

Front 20

Type 2

Back 20

coral, birds, constant survival rate throughout life span

Front 21

Type 3

Back 21

sea turtle, low survivorship early on, but then they live a long time

Front 22

What factors influence the growth of forest communities?

Back 22

density(stocking), site quality, species competition, stand age

Front 23

migratory reptiles

Back 23

loggarhead turtles, move really far

Front 24

migratory amphibians

Back 24

salamanders, don't move too far, shallow waters to reproduce

Front 25

migratory birds

Back 25

migrate across states, continents even

Front 26

Home range

Back 26

area where an animal spends it's time

Front 27

metapopulation

Back 27

collection of relatively (but not completely) isolated, spatially distributed local populations linked by occasional dispersal, linked by dispersal and gene flow, local populations go extinct but are recolonized

Front 28

Primary autogenic succession

Back 28

originally unsuitable for life, glacier receding, lava flows, new hot spring

Front 29

Secondary autogenic succession

Back 29

occurs at a site that has had life before, a previously occupied site, arid southwest

Front 30

facilitation

Back 30

poor, unfavorable conditions, early species need to be tolerant and resistant, make environment more favorable for later species

Front 31

tolerance

Back 31

favorable, best colonists, outcompete, neutral relationship with later species

Front 32

inhibition

Back 32

favorable conditions, best conditions, negative relationship with the later species

Front 33

allogenic

Back 33

colonization by fish and macro-invertebrates with changing water temperature in stream at Glacier Bay

Front 34

supplemental stocking

Back 34

stocking that augments a naturally reproducing population

Front 35

maintenance stocking

Back 35

stocking to sustain a population that has no or unlimited natural reproduction

Front 36

put-grow-take

Back 36

adding young individuals allowing them to grow and then when old enough they get extracted

Front 37

put-take

Back 37

allowing individuals to grow in hatchery and then putting in at a catchable size

Front 38

Benefits of supplementation

Back 38

revenue, population control and to sustain a population, bringing aquatic life

Front 39

marking methods

Back 39

cut off fin, uv marking, pit tags, telometric devices

Front 40

succession

Back 40

orderly or predictable change in species, describes how communities change over time

Front 41

disturbance

Back 41

agent of change, a discrete event in time and space that alters the natural dynamics of a population (community)

Front 42

large-scale disturbance

Back 42

intense disturbances, resets the successional clock

Front 43

small-scale disturbance

Back 43

what helps succession move forward

Front 44

even aged

Back 44

trees estimated at the same time, all about same size, bell curve

Front 45

uneven aged

Back 45

trees estimated at different times, creates a forest with different sizes and ages of trees, inverse J sruve

Front 46

density dependence

Back 46

as a population is increasing, things will slow down, will affect birth and death rates (both increase)

Front 47

Law of Diminishing Returns

Back 47

if one factor of production is increasing but others remain constant, marginal benefits will decline, overall population will decline at a certain point

Front 48

adaptive impact management

Back 48

using science to understand issue, constantly studying with new science, biological uncertainty, is important because sustainable harvest can change

Front 49

r

Back 49

high reproduction, low survival, faster growth rates, high surplus

Front 50

k

Back 50

low reproduction, high survival, slower growth rates, low surplus, overexploitation

Front 51

Optimum Sustainable Yield

Back 51

objectives that consider both ecological and socioeconomic factors like food production, recreation, protecting ecological factors

Front 52

inter

Back 52

among species

Front 53

intra

Back 53

within a species

Front 54

fecundity

Back 54

number of reproductive cycles

Front 55

semelparous

Back 55

one reproductive cycle in their lifetime

Front 56

iteroparuos

Back 56

several reproductive cycles

Front 57

Why control a population?

Back 57

protecting health of a species, reduce the damage to habitat, damage/impact to humans, reduce damage to other species

Front 58

mecanical

Back 58

using some device or physical means to control spp, shooting or trapping

Front 59

chemical

Back 59

prevents mating or kills species, contraceptives

Front 60

biological

Back 60

changing species so they can't reproduce, manipulating growth

Front 61

temporal

Back 61

populations change through time in response to change in habits

Front 62

spacial heterogenity

Back 62

it matters where you look (uniform, clumped, random, issues of detectability are trends due to changes in observers, habitats, behaviors

Front 63

forest health: bug outbreak

Back 63

tree health

Front 64

timber production

Back 64

density, species, regeneration

Front 65

ecosystem processes: carbon sink

Back 65

litter, sensitive tree species

Front 66

ecosystem services: provide organic material

Back 66

understory vegetation, wildlife counts

Front 67

wildlife habitat: elk

Back 67

regeneration, species

Front 68

biodiversity: rare vegetation

Back 68

tree cover, water measurements

Front 69

recreation: hiking

Back 69

visitor counts, visitor attitude

Front 70

forest health: reduce fules

Back 70

deadwood, density

Front 71

urban street trees: aesthetics

Back 71

tree location, species

Front 72

aerial

Back 72

least common, fast, not great detail, very expensive

Front 73

ground

Back 73

common, detailed, not expensive

Front 74

variable radius plot

Back 74

heavy on large trees, prism, more accurate, easier

Front 75

fixed radius plot

Back 75

smaller trees