Chapter 18B

Front 1

The hypothalamus
A) regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland.
B) is connected to the pituitary gland by the optic chiasma.
C) has neurons that connect to the anterior pituitary.
D) contains the infundibulum, which secretes many hormones.
E) all of these

Back 1

regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland

Front 2

Hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary
A) are produced by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus.
B) are transported in the hypothalamohypophysial portal system.
C) include GH and ACTH.
D) are classified as pheromones.
E) both a and b

Back 2

are produced by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus

Front 3

One effect of ADH is to
A) decrease urine volume.
B) increase blood osmolality.
C) decrease blood volume.
D) all of these

Back 3

decrease urine volume

Front 4

Oxytocin secretion causes
A) milk ejection in lactating females.
B) uterine contractions.
C) increased urine volume.
D) decreased blood volume.
E) both a and b

Back 4

both a and b

Front 5

Hormones that are secreted from the anterior pituitary are produced in
A) the hypothalamus.
B) the anterior pituitary.
C) the posterior pituitary.
D) the infundibulum.
E) neurosecretory cells.

Back 5

the anterior pituitary

Front 6

Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones
A) are secreted from the posterior pituitary.
B) are all neurohormones.
C) travel through the hypothalamohypophysial tract.
D) influence the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary.
E) affect target cells throughout the body.

Back 6

are all neurohormones

Front 7

The factors that stimulate secretion of ADH include
A) stress.
B) decreased blood osmolality.
C) decreased blood volume.
D) all of these

Back 7

decreased blood volume

Front 8

A person with no ADH secretion (diabetes insipidus) might have symptoms including
A) high blood pressure.
B) extremely low urine output.
C) extreme thirst and dehydration.
D) increased water retention.
E) all of these

Back 8

extreme thirst and dehydration

Front 9

Oxytocin secretion is stimulated by
A) decreased blood osmolality.
B) increased blood pressure.
C) stretches of the uterus.
D) stress.
E) GnRH.

Back 9

stretches of the uterus

Front 10

Anterior pituitary hormones
A) have a long half-life.
B) bind to intracellular receptors.
C) include oxytocin and ADH.
D) are proteins, glycoproteins, or polypeptides.
E) are stimulated by tropic hormones.

Back 10

are proteins, glycoproteins, or polypeptides

Front 11

Growth hormone causes
A) increased somatomedin production.
B) increased fat storage.
C) increased glycogen breakdown.
D) increased use of glucose as an energy source.
E) decreased uptake of amino acids into the cells.

Back 11

increased somatomedin production

Front 12

Which of these factors results in increased GH secretion?
A) high blood glucose
B) increased GH-IH secretion
C) stress
D) decreased amino acids in the blood
E) all of these

Back 12

stress

Front 13

GH has a negative-feedback effect on the secretion of
A) GH-IH.
B) GH-RH.
C) TSH.
D) ADH.
E) ACTH.

Back 13

GH-RH

Front 14

Hypersecretion of GH in adults produces
A) dwarfism.
B) giantism.
C) acromegaly.

Back 14

acromegaly

Front 15

All of these hormones are neurohormones produced in the hypothalamus EXCEPT
A) GnRH.
B) PRH.
C) PIH.
D) FSH.
E) GH-RH.

Back 15

FSH

Front 16

The major, more potent form of thyroid hormone that interacts with target cells is
A) tetraiodothyronine (T4).
B) triiodothyronine (T3).
C) thyroglobulin.
D) thyroxine-binding globulin.
E) tyrosine.

Back 16

triiodothyronine (T3).

Front 17

A molecule that has the same effects as opiate drugs (such as morphine, opium, and heroin) is
A) ACTH.
B) beta endorphin.
C) lipotropin.
D) MSH.
E) PRH.

Back 17

beta endorphin

Front 18

Which of these molecules binds to most thyroid hormones and increases the half-life of thyroid hormones?
A) thyroglobulin
B) tyrosine
C) triiodothyronine (T3)
D) tetraiodothyronine (T4)
E) thyroxine-binding globulin

Back 18

thyroxine-binding globulin

Front 19

Which of these symptoms is a result of hyperthyroidism?
A) rapid heart rate
B) cretinism
C) cold intolerance
D) myxedema
E) reduced appetite

Back 19

rapid heart rate

Front 20

Which of these conditions causes increased TRH secretion?
A) increased T3 secretion
B) increased T4 secretion
C) hypothermia
D) prolonged fasting
E) all of these

Back 20

hypothermia

Front 21

T3 and T4
A) are synthesized in parafollicular cells of the thyroid.
B) are bound to thyroglobulin during synthesis.
C) are synthesized from iron and the amino acid tyrosine.
D) are produced in equal amounts by the thyroid.
E) all of these

Back 21

are bound to thyroglobulin during synthesis

Front 22

A deficiency of iodine in the diet causes
A) increased TSH secretion.
B) decreased T3 and T4 production.
C) increased TRH production.
D) thyroid enlargement (goiter).
E) all of these

Back 22

all of these

Front 23

Thyroid hormones cause
A) increased glucose, fat, and protein metabolism.
B) increased body temperature.
C) increased ATP production.
D) normal growth and development.
E) all of these

Back 23

all of these

Front 24

The cells in the thyroid responsible for calcitonin secretion are
A) follicle cells.
B) thyroglobulin cells.
C) cortical cells.
D) parafollicular cells.
E) hypothalamic cells.

Back 24

parafollicular cells

Front 25

Which of these conditions produce(s) elevated TSH secretion?
A) iodine deficiency
B) surgically removed thyroid
C) pituitary tumor
D) all of these

Back 25

all of these

Front 26

When parathyroid hormone increases,
A) osteoclast activity decreases.
B) calcium reabsorption in the kidney decreases.
C) calcium absorption in the small intestine decreases.
D) blood calcium level decreases.
E) blood phosphate level decreases.

Back 26

blood phosphate level decreases

Front 27

Which of these symptoms occur as a result of hypersecretion of PTH?
A) increased muscular excitability
B) muscle tetany
C) kidney stones
D) depolarization of cell membrane
E) all of these

Back 27

kidney stones

Front 28

The adrenal medulla
A) is derived from mesoderm.
B) is the outer portion of adrenal glands.
C) contains the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.
D) is part of the parasympathetic division of the ANS.
E) produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Back 28

produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 29

All of these cause increased secretion of hormones from the adrenal medulla EXCEPT
A) high blood glucose levels.
B) stimulation by sympathetic neurons.
C) emotional excitement.
D) stress.
E) exercise.

Back 29

high blood glucose levels

Front 30

Aldosterone
A) is a glucocorticoid hormone.
B) is secreted by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex.
C) increases sodium concentration in the blood.
D) increases potassium concentration in the blood.
E) all of these

Back 30

increases sodium concentration in the blood

Front 31

Hyposecretion of aldosterone causes
A) alkalosis.
B) hyperkalemia.
C) high blood pressure.
D) skeletal muscle weakness.
E) hypernatremia.

Back 31

hyperkalemia

Front 32

If cortisol secretion increases,
A) protein catabolism (breakdown) decreases.
B) fat catabolism (breakdown) decreases.
C) the inflammatory response decreases.
D) blood glucose level decreases.
E) glycogen deposits in cells decrease.

Back 32

the inflammatory response decreases

Front 33

Which of these inhibits CRH secretion?
A) stress
B) ACTH
C) cortisol
D) hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
E) both b and c

Back 33

both b and c

Front 34

Glucagon increases
A) breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
B) glucose synthesis from amino acids and fats.
C) blood sugar levels.
D) fat breakdown.
E) all of these

Back 34

all of these

Front 35

All of these are symptoms of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT
A) polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) peripheral vascular disease.
D) insulin shock.
E) acidosis.

Back 35

insulin shock

Front 36

Which of these factors increases insulin secretion?
A) sympathetic stimulation
B) hypoglycemia
C) secretion of gastrointestinal hormones
D) decreased amino acids in the blood
E) both b and c

Back 36

secretion of gastrointestinal hormones

Front 37

Immediately after a meal, which hormone level increases?
A) cortisol
B) epinephrine
C) glucagon
D) growth hormone
E) insulin

Back 37

insulin

Front 38

Melatonin
A) is produced by the posterior pituitary.
B) production increases as light increases.
C) inhibits GnRH secretion.
D) increases skin pigmentation.
E) all of these

Back 38

inhibits GnRH secretion

Front 39

Which of these autocrine chemical signals, produced by most tissues of the body, can promote inflammation?
A) endorphins
B) enkephalins
C) thymosins
D) prostaglandins
E) melatonins

Back 39

prostaglandins

Front 40

Which of these substances is responsible for the processing of T cells?
A) endorphin
B) enkephalin
C) prostaglandin
D) thymosin
E) melatonin

Back 40

thymosin