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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 types of Joints?
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Non-synovial and synovial
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What joint has fibrous tissue/cartilage and little of no movement?
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Non-synovial joints
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What joint is freely movable and is usually separates bones?
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Synovial joints
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What are the three types of muscles in the body?
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Skeletal
Smooth Cardiac |
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What does TMJ stand for?
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Tempomandibular Joint (Connects the mandible and temporal bone)
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What are the 3 parts of the spine?
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Vertebrae
Intervertebral discs Nucleus pulposus |
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Where is the glenohumeral joint and what is it also known as?
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Shoulder AKA rotator cuff
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What parts are associated with the glenohumeral joint?
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Subacromial bursa
Acromion process Greater tubercle Coracoid process |
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What structures make up the elbow joint?
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Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle Olecranon process |
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What joints are located at the wrist and carpals?
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Radiocarpal
Midcarpal Metacarpaphalangeal Interphalangeal |
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What parts of the body are associated with the hip joint?
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Superior iliac spine
Anterior iliac spine Ischial tuberosity Greater trochanter |
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What components make up the knee joint?
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Suprapatellar pouch
Medial Meniscus Lateral Meniscus Posterior/Anterior cruciate ligaments Collateral ligaments Prepatellar bursa Infrapatellar fat pad Quadriceps muscle Tibial tuberosity |
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What parts make up the ankle joint?
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Tibiotalar joint
Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus |
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What are some common occurances in the musculoskeltal system of infants and children?
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1. Long bones increase in width or diameter
2. Bones lengthen at epiphyses-growth plates (end of long bones) until 20 yrs 3. Infection and trauma is risk for bone deformaties 4. Spina bifida (incomplete closure of posterior part of vertebrae) - could cause paralysis |
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What are some common occurances in the musculoskeltal system of pregnant females?
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1. Increased joint mobility due to circulating hormones - may cause lordosis (shift weight farther back on lower extremeties)
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What are some common occurances in the musculoskeltal system of aging adults?
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1. Osteoporosis (loss of bone density)
2. Bony prominences due to decreased subcutaneous fat 3. Kyphosis (rounding of top of spine) |
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What are some reasons for joint pain?
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis |
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Reasons for pain in muscles?
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Intermittent clsudication (pain in calves due to poor circulation)
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What causes sharp pain that increases with movement?
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Bone fractures
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Why should we assess for ADLs (Activities of Daily Living)?
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1. Screens for safety of independent living
2. Screens for need for home healthcare services 3. Screens for quality of life |
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What are some quick tests to assess ADLs?
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1. Climb up stairs
2. Walk down stairs 3. Walk 4. Pick up object from floor 5. Rise up from sitting/lying position |
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What should you assess for in regards to self care?
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1. Self esteem
2. Loss of independence 3. Body image disturbance 4. Role performance 5. Social isolation |
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What are some occupational hazards?
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1. Heavy lifting
2. Repetitive motions |
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What questions should be asked when assessing exercise?
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1. How often do you exercise?
2. Do you have pain when you exercise? 3. Have you had any weight loss/gain? |
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What other questions should be considered when assessing self care behaviors?
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1. Are you taking any medications?
2. Do you have any chronic disabilities/crippling illness? |
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How is the fee simple determinable created?
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Only by words limiting the duration of the state, such as "while", "so long as," or "until".
** terms such as "to be used for" simply express motive, not limits of duration. |
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What should you inspect for when assessing joints?
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1. Swelling
2. Deformaties; such as subluxation or ankylosis |
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What is subluxation?
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Partial dislocation of a joint that leads to limited ROM
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What is ankylosis?
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Stiffness or fixation of a joint
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What should you palpate for when assessing joints?
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1. Heat
2. Tenderness 3. Swelling 4. Masses 5. Pain 6. Crepitus |
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What is crepitus?
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Grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints.
It occurs when 2 rough surfaces come in contact like in osteoarthritis or fractures |
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How would one assess TMJ?
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Place tips of fingers in front of ear and ask client to open mouth
Fingertips should drop in the joint as the mouth opens |
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What is a goniometer?
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It is a device to measure the angles a joint can move
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How do you test muscle strength?
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Test each prime muscle group by getting your client to flex as you hold the opposing force
NOTE: muscle strength should be equal bilaterally! |
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What are the areas you should test for ROM and muscle strength?
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1. Cervical spine
2. Shoulder 3. Elbow 4. Hand/Wrist 5. Hip 6. Knee 7. Foot 8. Spine rotation/flexion/extension |
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What are some abnormalities of the spine in infants?
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1. Congenital deformities
2. Surgical 3. Positional deformity 4. Metatarsus adductus 5. Tibial torsion 6. Congenital hip dislocation |
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What is the Ortolani manoeuvre?
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A manoeuvre done on infants to check for abnormalities of the hip/spine.
To do this: 1. Flex infant's knees with hands holding their inner thighs with your thumb 2. Adduct the legs until thumbs touch 3. Abduct legs until touching table NOTE: Should feel smooth with no sounds |
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What is the Allis test?
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A test done to check infants for hip dislocation
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What are 2 spinal abnormalities common to pre-school aged children?
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Lordosis
Rickets |
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What is the main cause of Rickets in children living in developing countries?
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Vitamin D deficiency
Calcium deficiency |
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What does Genu varum mean?
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Bowlegged
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What does Genu valgum mean?
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Knock knee
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