What is the hypothesis providing the foundation for the study described in the journal article?
The hypothesis that was the foundation for this research article was that when adolescent’s experiences movement abnormalities, they are more susceptibility to Axis I disorders such as schizophrenia later in life (Mittal & Walker, 2007). According to Mittal and Walker (2007), they based their hypothesis on previous research that future Axis I disorders can manifest first as movement abnormalities, particularly, “dyskinesias of the face and upper limbs” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 796). Mittal and Walker (2007), studied forty adolescents, in which 10 of the adolescent subjects developed an Axis I disorder. These 10 adolescent subjects that developed …show more content…
The Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms, utilizes “The Scale of Prodromal Symptoms”, in which the severity of all pertinent symptoms “along dimensions ranging from healthy to pathological” are rated on a “6-point scale that ranged from absent to severe” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). The Scale of Prodromal Symptoms contained five symptom domains, that were categorized as positive or negative, disorganized, general and motor disturbance (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). However, the final domain of motor disturbance was eliminated, in order “to avoid overlap with the movement ratings” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). The mean score from the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms were tallied for each subject (Mittal & Walker, 2007). After the initial interview, follow up interviews were conducted annually for 4 years (Mittal & Walker, 2007). Each interview was conducted by a clinical psychologist or psychology doctoral students and each interview was recorded (Mittal & Walker, 2007). The recorded interviews were reviewed by a clinical psychologists or a psychiatrist to “confirm diagnostic reliability” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, …show more content…
That is, do you think these movements are a predictor of a Psychotic Disorder, or is more evidence needed?
The movements from each adolescent subject were coded using “The Dyskinesia Identification System: Condensed User Scale” or DISCUS, which “contains 15 items rated on a 0–4 (absent to severe) scale” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). The researchers chose to utilize DISCUS due to its “high interrater reliability” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). The DISCUS measures movements in three separate different regions; Facial, upper body, and lower body.
The facial movements that were being measured include; “tics, grimaces, blinking, chewing/lip smacking, puckering/sucking/thrusting lower lip, tongue thrusts, tonic tongue, tongue tremor, and athetoid/myokymic/lateral tongue” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). The upper body movements that were being measured included; “retrocollis/torticollis, shoulder/hip torsion, athetoid/myokymic finger–wrist– arm, pill rolling, writhing, and alternating extensions and flexions of the fingers or wrist” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p,
The hypothesis that was the foundation for this research article was that when adolescent’s experiences movement abnormalities, they are more susceptibility to Axis I disorders such as schizophrenia later in life (Mittal & Walker, 2007). According to Mittal and Walker (2007), they based their hypothesis on previous research that future Axis I disorders can manifest first as movement abnormalities, particularly, “dyskinesias of the face and upper limbs” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 796). Mittal and Walker (2007), studied forty adolescents, in which 10 of the adolescent subjects developed an Axis I disorder. These 10 adolescent subjects that developed …show more content…
The Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms, utilizes “The Scale of Prodromal Symptoms”, in which the severity of all pertinent symptoms “along dimensions ranging from healthy to pathological” are rated on a “6-point scale that ranged from absent to severe” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). The Scale of Prodromal Symptoms contained five symptom domains, that were categorized as positive or negative, disorganized, general and motor disturbance (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). However, the final domain of motor disturbance was eliminated, in order “to avoid overlap with the movement ratings” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). The mean score from the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms were tallied for each subject (Mittal & Walker, 2007). After the initial interview, follow up interviews were conducted annually for 4 years (Mittal & Walker, 2007). Each interview was conducted by a clinical psychologist or psychology doctoral students and each interview was recorded (Mittal & Walker, 2007). The recorded interviews were reviewed by a clinical psychologists or a psychiatrist to “confirm diagnostic reliability” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, …show more content…
That is, do you think these movements are a predictor of a Psychotic Disorder, or is more evidence needed?
The movements from each adolescent subject were coded using “The Dyskinesia Identification System: Condensed User Scale” or DISCUS, which “contains 15 items rated on a 0–4 (absent to severe) scale” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). The researchers chose to utilize DISCUS due to its “high interrater reliability” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). The DISCUS measures movements in three separate different regions; Facial, upper body, and lower body.
The facial movements that were being measured include; “tics, grimaces, blinking, chewing/lip smacking, puckering/sucking/thrusting lower lip, tongue thrusts, tonic tongue, tongue tremor, and athetoid/myokymic/lateral tongue” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p, 798). The upper body movements that were being measured included; “retrocollis/torticollis, shoulder/hip torsion, athetoid/myokymic finger–wrist– arm, pill rolling, writhing, and alternating extensions and flexions of the fingers or wrist” (Mittal & Walker, 2007, p,