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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CAPVT XXXIV
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Deponent Verbs; Ablative with Special Deponents
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DEPONENT VERBS
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have passive endings but active meanings. The only new forms are the imperatives
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Principal Parts:
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deponents have only three principal parts, the passive equivalents of the first three principal parts of regular verbs (1. first pers. sg. pres. indie., 2. pres. infin., 3. first pers. sg. perf. indic.).
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to urge: principal parts
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hortor, hortari, hortatus sum
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to urge: present indicative
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hortor, hortaris, hortatur, hortamur, hortamini, hortantur
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to urge: imperfect indicative
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hortabar, hortabaris, hortabatur, hortabamur, hortabamini, hortabantur
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to urge: future indicative
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hortabor, hortaberis, hortabitur, hortabimur, hortabimini, hortabuntur
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to urge: perfect indicative
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hortatus sum, hortatus es, hortatus est, hortati sumus, hortati estis, hortati sunt
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to urge: pluperfect indicative
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hortatus eram, hortatus eras, hortatus erat, hortati eramus, hortati eratis, hortati erant
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to urge: future perfect indicative
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hortatus ero, hortatus eris, hortatus erit, hortati erimus, hortati eritis, hortati erunt
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to urge: present subjunctive
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horter, horteris, hortetur, hortemur, hortemini, hortentur
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to urge: imperfect subjunctive
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hortarer, hortareris, hortaretur, hortaremur, hortaremini, hortarentur
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to urge: future subjunctive
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x
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to urge: perfect subjunctive
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hortatus sim, hortatus sis, hortatus sit, hortati simus, hortati sitis, hortati sint
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to urge: pluperfect subjunctive
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hortatus essem, hortatus esses, hortatus esset, hortati essemus, hortati essetis, hortati essent
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to urge: future perfect subjunctive
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x
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to urge: present imperative
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hortare, hortamini. Note that, coincidentally, the singular imperative is also identical to the (non-existent) present active infinitive: be careful not to mistake this deponent imperative for an infinitive. The plural imperative is spelled the same as the second person plural passive of the present indicative, e.g., sequimini, follow!
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to urge: participles
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pres. hortans (urging), perf. hortatus (having urged), fut. hortaturus (about to urge), ger. hortandus (to be urged). Two of the participles present exceptions to the rule that deponents are passive in form but active in meaning: 1. Present and future participles: active forms with active meanings. 2. Gerundive (future passive participle): passive form with passive meaning.
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to urge: infinitives
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pres. hortari (to urge), perf. hortatus esse (to have urged), fut. hortaturus esse (to be about to urge). The future infinitive has an ACTIVE form with an active meaning.
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to confess: principal parts
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fateor, fateri, fassus sum
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to confess: present indicative
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fateor, fateris, fatetur, fatemur, fatemini, fatentur
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to confess: imperfect indicative
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fatebar, fatebaris, fatebatur, fatebamur, fatebamini, fatebantur
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to confess: future indicative
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fatebor, fateberis, fatebitur, fatebimur, fatebimini, fatebuntur
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to confess: perfect indicative
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fassus sum, fassus es, fassus est, fassi sumus, fassi estis, fassi sunt
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to confess: pluperfect indicative
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fassus eram, fassus eras, fassus erat, fassi eramus, fassi eratis, fassi erant
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to confess: future perfect indicative
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fassus ero, fassus eris, fassus erit, fassi erimus, fassi eritis, fassi erunt
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to confess: present subjunctive
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fatear, fatearis, fateatur, fateamur, fateamini, fateantur
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to confess: imperfect subjunctive
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faterer, fatereris, fateretur, fateremur, fateremini, faterentur
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to confess: future subjunctive
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x
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to confess: perfect subjunctive
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fassus sim, fassus sis, fassus sit, fassi simus, fassi sitis, fassi sint
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to confess: pluperfect subjunctive
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fassus essem, fassus esses, fassus esset, fassi essetis, fassi essent
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to confess: future perfect subjunctive
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x
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to confess: present imperative
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fatere, fatemini. Note that, coincidentally, the singular imperative is also identical to the (non-existent) present active infinitive: be careful not to mistake this deponent imperative for an infinitive. The plural imperative is spelled the same as the second person plural passive of the present indicative, e.g., sequimini, follow!
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to confess: participles
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pres. fatens (confessing), perf. fassus (having confessed), fut. fassurus (about to confess), ger. fatendus (to be confessed). Two of the participles present exceptions to the rule that deponents are passive in form but active in meaning: 1. Present and future participles: active forms with active meanings. 2. Gerundive (future passive participle): passive form with passive meaning.
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to confess: infinitives
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pres. fateri (to confess), perf. fassus esse (to have confessed), fut. fassurus esse (to be about to confess). The future infinitive has an ACTIVE form with an active meaning.
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to follow: principal parts
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sequor, sequi, secutus sum
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to follow: present indicative
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sequor, sequeris, sequitur, sequimur, sequimini, sequuntur
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to follow: imperfect indicative
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sequebar, sequebaris, sequebatur, sequebamur, sequebamini, sequebantur
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to follow: future indicative
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sequar, sequeris, sequetur, sequemur, sequemini, sequentur
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to follow: perfect indicative
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secutus sum, secutus es, secutus est, secuti sumus, secuti estis, secuti sunt
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to follow: pluperfect indicative
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secutus eram, secutus eras, secutus erat, secuti eramus, secuti eratis, secuti erant
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to follow: future perfect indicative
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secutus ero, secutus eris, secutus erit, secuti erimus, secuti eritis, secuti erunt
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to follow: present subjunctive
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sequar, sequaris, sequatur, sequamur, sequamini, sequantur
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to follow: imperfect subjunctive
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sequerer, sequereris, sequeretur, sequeremur, sequeremini, sequerentur
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to follow: future subjunctive
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x
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to follow: perfect subjunctive
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secutus sim, secutus sis, secutus sit, secuti simus, secuti sitis, secuti sint
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to follow: pluperfect subjunctive
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secutus essem, secutus esses, secutus esset, secuti essemus, secuti essetis, secuti essent
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to follow: future perfect subjunctive
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x
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to follow: present imperative
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sequere, sequimini. Note that, coincidentally, the singular imperative is also identical to the (non-existent) present active infinitive: be careful not to mistake this deponent imperative for an infinitive. The plural imperative is spelled the same as the second person plural passive of the present indicative, e.g., sequimini, follow!
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to follow: participles
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pres. sequens (following), perf. secutus (having followed), fut. secuturus (about to follow), ger. sequendus (to be followed). Two of the participles present exceptions to the rule that deponents are passive in form but active in meaning: 1. Present and future participles: active forms with active meanings. 2. Gerundive (future passive participle): passive form with passive meaning.
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to follow: infinitives
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pres. sequi (to follow), perf. secutus esse (to have followed), fut. secuturus esse (to be about to follow). The future infinitive has an ACTIVE form with an active meaning.
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to work at: principal parts
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molior, moliri, molitus sum
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to work at: present indicative
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molior, moliris, molitur, molimur, molimini, moliuntur
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to work at: imperfect indicative
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moliebar, moliebaris, moliebatur, moliebamur, moliebamini, moliebantur
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to work at: future indicative
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moliar, molieris, molietur, moliemur, moliemini, molientur
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to work at: perfect indicative
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molitus sum, molitus es, molitus est, moliti sumus, moliti estis, moliti sunt
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to work at: pluperfect indicative
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molitus eram, molitus eras, molitus erat, moliti eramus, moliti eratis, moliti erant
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to work at: future perfect indicative
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molitus er, molitus eris, molitus erit, moliti erimus, moliti eritis, moliti erunt
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to work at: present subjunctive
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moliar, moliaris, moliatur, moliamur, moliamini, moliantur
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to work at: imperfect subjunctive
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molirer, molireris, moliretur, moliremur, moliremini, molirentur
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to work at: future subjunctive
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x
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to work at: perfect subjunctive
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molitus sim, molitus sis, molitus sit, moliti simus, moliti sitis, moliti sint
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to work at: pluperfect subjunctive
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molitus essem, molitus esses, molitus esset, moliti essemus, moliti essetis, moliti essent
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to work at: future perfect subjunctive
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x
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to work at: present imperative
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molire, molimini. Note that, coincidentally, the singular imperative is also identical to the (non-existent) present active infinitive: be careful not to mistake this deponent imperative for an infinitive. The plural imperative is spelled the same as the second person plural passive of the present indicative, e.g., sequimini, follow!
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to work at: participles
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pres. moliens (working at) perf. molitus (having worked at), fut. moliturus (about to work at), ger. moliendus (to be worked at). Two of the participles present exceptions to the rule that deponents are passive in form but active in meaning: 1. Present and future participles: active forms with active meanings. 2. Gerundive (future passive participle): passive form with passive meaning.
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to work at: infinitives
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pres. moliri (to work at), perf. molitus esse (to have worked), fut. moliturus esse (to be about to work at). The future infinitive has an ACTIVE form with an active meaning.
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to suffer: principal parts
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patior, pati, passus sum
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to suffer: present indicative
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patior, pateris, patitur, patimur, patimini, patiuntur
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to suffer: imperfect indicative
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patiebar, patiebaris, patiebatur, patiebamur, patiebamini, patiebantur
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to suffer: future indicative
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patiar, patieris, patietur, patiemur, patiemini, patientur
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to suffer: perfect indicative
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passus sum, passus es, passus est, passi sumus, passi estis, passi sunt
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to suffer: pluperfect indicative
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passus eram, passus eras, passus erat, passi eramus, passi eratis, passi erant
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to suffer: future perfect indicative
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passus ero, passus eris, passus erit, passi erimus, passi eritis, passi erunt
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to suffer: present subjunctive
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patiar, patiaris, patiatur, patiamur, patiamini, patiantur
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to suffer: imperfect subjunctive
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paterer, patereris, pateretur, pateremur, pateremini, paterentur
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to suffer: future subjunctive
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x
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to suffer: perfect subjunctive
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passus sim, passus sis, passus sit, passi simus, passi sitis, passi sunt
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to suffer: pluperfect subjunctive
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passus essem, passus esses, passus esset, passi essemus, passi essetis, passi essent
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to suffer: future perfect subjunctive
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x
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to suffer: present imperative
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patere, patimini. Note that, coincidentally, the singular imperative is also identical to the (non-existent) present active infinitive: be careful not to mistake this deponent imperative for an infinitive. The plural imperative is spelled the same as the second person plural passive of the present indicative, e.g., patimini, suffer!
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to suffer: participles
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pres. patiens (suffering) perf. passus (having suffered), fut. passurus (about to suffer), ger. patiendus (to be suffered). Two of the participles present exceptions to the rule that deponents are passive in form but active in meaning: 1. Present and future participles: active forms with active meanings. 2. Gerundive (future passive participle): passive form with passive meaning.
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to suffer: infinitives
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pres. pati (to suffer), perf. passus esse (to have suffered), fut. passurus esse (to be about to suffer). The future infinitive has an ACTIVE form with an active meaning.
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Semi-Deponent Verbs
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Latin has a few SEMI-DEPONENT VERBS, which are normal in the present system but deponent in the perfect system, as seen in their principal parts: audeo (I dare), audere (to dare), ausus sum (I dared); gaudeo (I rejoice), gaudere (to rejoice), gavisus sum (I rejoiced)
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Eum patientem haec mala hortati sunt.
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They encouraged him (as he was) suffering these evils.
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Eum passurum haec mala hortati sunt.
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They encouraged him (as he was) about to suffer these evils.
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Is, haec mala passus, hortandus est.
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This man, having suffered these evils, ought to be encouraged.
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Is haec mala fortiter patietur.
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He will suffer these evils bravely
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Eum sequere et haec molire.
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Follow him and work at these things.
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Eum sequi et haec moliri non ausus es.
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You did not dare to follow him and work at these things.
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Eum sequeris/sequeris.
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You are following/will follow him
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Eum hortemur et sequamur.
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Let us encourage and follow him.
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ABLATIVE WITH SPECIAL DEPONENTS
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The ablative is used as object of a few deponent verbs, of which utor (and its compounds) is the most common. Utor, to use, enjoy, may originally have meant I am benefitted/I benefit myself (by), so that this ABLATIVE WITH SPECIAL DEPONENTS may in origin have been an ablative of means:
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Utitur stilo.
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He is using a pencil (lit., He is benefitted/benefits himself by means of a pencil).
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Cicero Graecis litteris utebatur.
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Cicero used to enjoy Greek literature.
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Non audent uti navibus.
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They do not dare to use the ships.
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Non ausi sunt uti navibus.
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They did not dare to use the ships.
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