0010_Behavior Analysis - Chapter 9 - Quiz

Front 1

The principle states that reinforcement value decreases as the delay between making a choice and obtaining the reinforcer increases.

Back 1

Ainslie-Rachlin principle

Front 2

This principle predicts preference reversal when a delay precedes the choice between a small, immediate reward and a large, deferred reinforcer.

Back 2

Ainslie-Rachlin principle

Front 3

At some time prior to the choice the large, deferred reinforcer becomes more valued than the small, immediate reward

Back 3

Ainslie-Rachlin principle

Front 4

The use of economic concepts (price, substitute commodity, etc.) and principles (e.g., marginal utility) to predict, control and analyze the behavior of organisms in choice situations.

Back 4

behavioral economics

Front 5

For the generalized matching equation, this is indicated by variation in the value of k from 1.

Back 5

bias

Front 6

This contingency is a control procedure that is used to stop rapid switching between alternatives on concurrent schedules of reinforcement.

Back 6

changeover delay (COD)

Front 7

Contingency that stipulates that responses do not have an effect immediately following a change from one schedule to another.

Back 7

changeover delay (COD)

Front 8

After switching to a new alternative, a brief time is required before a response is reinforced.

Back 8

changeover delay (COD)

Front 9

On a concurrent schedule, a changeover is a response that an organism emits when it switches from one alternative to another.

Back 9

changeover response

Front 10

The distribution of operant behavior among alternative sources of reinforcement.

Back 10

choice

Front 11

Some behavior emitted at a time prior to the choice point that eliminates or reduces the probability of impulsive behavior.

Back 11

commitment response

Front 12

Two or more schedules of reinforcement (e.g., FR, VR, FI, VI) are simultaneously available.

Back 12

concurrent schedules of reinforcement

Front 13

Each alternative is associated with a separate schedule of reinforcement and the organism is free to distribute behavior to the schedules

Back 13

concurrent schedules of reinforcement

Front 14

Involves all non-programmed sources of reinforcement that regulate alternative behavior and reducing the control of behavior on a specified schedule of reinforcement, including any unknown contingencies that support the behavior of the organism.

Back 14

extraneous sources of reinforcement (Re)

Front 15

A method used to present concurrent schedules in the operant laboratory.

Back 15

Findley procedure

Front 16

Separate schedules are programmed on a single key, and the organism may switch schedules by making a response on a CO or changeover key.

Back 16

Findley procedure

Front 17

Proportion equations like Ba/(Ba + Bb) = Ra/(Ra + Rb) describe concurrent performance when alternatives differ only in rate of reinforcement

Back 17

generalized matching law (power law for matching)

Front 18

What is used in complex environments, when there are other factors that contribute to choice and preference.

Back 18

generalized matching law (power law for matching)

Front 19

A generalized form of the ratio equation utilizing constants that represent sources of error may be used to handle the situation in which unknown factors influence the distribution of behavior.

Back 19

generalized matching law (power law for matching)

Front 20

The equation then is Ba/Bb = k(Ra/Rb)^a, and the matching equation in this

Back 20

generalized matching law (power law for matching)

Front 21

When a person (or other animal) selects the smaller, immediate payoff over the larger, delayed benefits, we may say that he/she shows _____.

Back 21

impulsive behavior

Front 22

When two or more concurrent-interval schedules are available, relative rate of response matches (or equals) relative rate of reinforcement.

Back 22

matching law

Front 23

What pertains to the distribution of behavior between (or among) alternative sources of reinforcement is equal to the distribution of reinforcement for these alternatives.

Back 23

matching law

Front 24

In this economic view of behavior, humans and other animals are like organic computers that compare their behavioral distributions with overall outcomes and eventually stabilize on a response distribution that maximizes overall rate of reinforcement.

Back 24

maximization

Front 25

An explanation of how organisms come to produce matching on concurrent schedules of reinforcement wherein organisms are considered to 'do the best at the moment'.

Back 25

melioration

Front 26

When relative behavior increases faster than predicted from relative rate of reinforcement. See also generalized matching law.

Back 26

overmatching

Front 27

What is an alternative source of reinforcement when several schedules of reinforcement are available and one alternative may be chosen more frequently than others.

Back 27

preference

Front 28

The change in value of a reinforcer as a function of time to the choice point (as in self-control).

Back 28

preference reversal

Front 29

This law states that the absolute rate of response on a schedule of reinforcement is a hyperbolic function of rate of reinforcement on the schedule relative to the total rate of reinforcement, both scheduled and extraneous reinforcement.

Back 29

quantitative law of effect

Front 30

What equation is derived from as the rate of reinforcement on the schedule increases the rate of response also rises, but eventually further increases in rate of reinforcement produce less and less of an increase in rate of response (hyperbolic).

Back 30

quantitative law of effect

Front 31

When two or more sources of reinforcement are available (as on a concurrent schedule), this term refers to reinforcement delivered on one alternative divided by the sum of all alternatives.

Back 31

relative rate of reinforcement

Front 32

When two or more sources of reinforcement are available (as on a concurrent schedule), this term refers to rate of response on one alternative divided by the sum of the rates on all alternatives.

Back 32

relative rate of response

Front 33

What occurs when a person may give up immediate gains for greater long-term benefits or accepting immediate negative consequences for later positive outcomes

Back 33

self-control behavior

Front 34

To solve the matching equation for the absolute rate of response (Ba), it is important to recognize that Ba + Be is equal to all the behavior, or the _____ for a given situation

Back 34

total behavioral output

Front 35

The procedure used when, on a concurrent schedule of reinforcement, the alternative schedules are presented on separate response keys.

Back 35

two-key procedure

Front 36

When changes in the response ratio are less than changes in the reinforcement ratio.

Back 36

undermatching

Front 37

In terms of behavior, what is concerned with the distribution of behavior among alternative sources of reinforcement

Back 37

choice

Front 38

What is used to investigate choice in the lab

Back 38

concurrent schedules of reinforcement

Front 39

In order to prevent switching on concurrent schedules

Back 39

program a changeover delay

Front 40

What uses a findley procedure, single-response key that changes color with schedule, or a changeover key

Back 40

switching on concurrent schedules

Front 41

The experiment by Herrnstein using a two key concurrent VI VI schedule is described by

Back 41

proportional matching equation

Front 42

The matching law has described the choice behavior of

Back 42

pigeons, wagtails, rats

Front 43

When the response is continuous rather than discrete use a matching equation for

Back 43

time spent on each alternative

Front 44

The equation for matching of rations of rates of response to rates of reinforcement includes

Back 44

value for bias and sensitivity

Front 45

The equation for matching of rations of rates of response to rates of reinforcement is stated in terms of

Back 45

power law

Front 46

In contrast to optimal foraging, Herrnstein proposed a process of

Back 46

melioration

Front 47

What involves the use of economic principles to describe and analyze behavioral choice

Back 47

behavioral economics