Through looking to the population change during this period of time, Toronto CMA seems that will continue to spread out over suburban areas bringing challenges to the city specifically in terms of transportation. Behan states that transportation has encouraged imbalance in sprawl of housing and jobs which result in long commutes, increase of fuel energy and therefore air contamination. In addition, private transportation has become an essential good for residents in suburban areas due to long travels. As people have the needed of using cars, public transportation has been reduced to an ineffective expensive service that uses in vain sorts of energy. Moreover, traffic congestion arises as consequence of the increment of car ownership in suburban
