Gray Zone Conflicts: A Case Study

Improved Essays
The world security situation is always changing but not always improving. After President Bush announced the end of the Cold War, different security challenges to American national interests became the priorities. This vacuum of power allowed regional powers to expand and threat organizations to grow in capability and boldness. These new threats range from existing state-based threats, failing states with non-state actors, and Gray Zone conflicts. Russian, Chinese, and North Korean aggressions are the leading global state-based threats, with Iraq and Afghanistan as failing state with ISIS and al Qaeda as non-state actors, and Gray Zone conflicts in Kosovo, Georgia, Ukraine, and Syria.
The greatest national security issue facing the United
…show more content…
States are using less direct military force to increase their power and to prevent escalation or intervention because of agreed alliances or treaties. Russia was involved in Georgia, Crimea, Ukraine, Syria, China continues to expand its area denial campaign in the South China Sea, and North Korea continues its ballistic missile testing. These are examples of where states are expanding their power with limited military support and learning from international responses. Because the United States and international community are not responding with unified actions against these infractions, they continue to occur. The international community must aggressively address expansions in military capabilities or expansion outside defined borders by state-based threats as a deterrent to prevent a potential future regional state-based conflicts or war. Increasing military support to regional allies and partners such as Ukraine, Philippines and South Korea will reduce the current imbalance of military power in the region.
Some areas where the Realism theory does not address are economic power, international relations and global dependence. The Liberalism theory better addresses how to support these growing requirements to help maintain and improve security. States and non-state organizations today are interdependent and rely heavily on economic improvements. The Liberalism theory focuses around international institutions and commercial interest to encourage peace and strengthen security. It uses economic inclusion and political engagement to reduce

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Joint Force Disadvantages

    • 1537 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Instability and insecurity in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia is accelerating at a dizzying pace due to violent extremist organizations (VEO), poor governance, humanitarian crises, sectarian violence, advanced weapons proliferation and a myriad of other reasons. This situation, along with national budgetary pressures, has caused U.S. strategic leaders to earnestly consider how the Joint Force 2025 must be rebalanced to meet these 21st century threats and to fully support our core U.S. interests of national security, a vibrant economy, universal values, and international order. Given the likely threats and the current fiscal environment, the general capabilities of Joint Force 2025 that are paramount to meeting the challenges…

    • 1537 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Many people often forget the importance of our military. Some think we need a strong military and others think we need a small military. According to the Conservative’s handbook, Military strength deters aggression . If we have a strong military, it will imply that we can hold our ground and it will show other countries not to mess with us. (William Inboden, The Role of a Strong National Defense).…

    • 466 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    He examines the most prominent international relations theories including realism, liberalism,…

    • 989 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Gray Zone Conflicts

    • 214 Words
    • 1 Pages

    There’s no doubt that the U.S. has the most superior military firepower in the world that can defeat enemies on the traditional battlefield in a conventional war with their highly advanced equipment and skilled personnel, but how well equipped are they to handle gray zone conflicts? Gray zone conflicts are the new, contemporary methods that are being used today by state actors. These types of actions are done in order to stay below that threshold for violence that warrants “traditional military campaigning”, takes advantage of the Western “views of war” and “its inherent restraints” (Echevarria, 16-17). Some critics’ say that gray zone conflicts (or irregular warfare) target the “deficiencies in U.S. planning and strategy processes” and therefore…

    • 214 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Louisiana Purchase International relations is driven by many things with those things being theories, these theories then for the international events that in turn formed the modern state system that is in place today. The Louisiana Purchase was an even that occurred mainly between France and The United States with some relations with Spain. The Louisiana Purchase and the realist point of view it was completed from was one of the many events that helped formed today’s modern state system. The Louisiana Purchase was a deal between France and The United States that led to the exchange of a large portion of land in the Western hemisphere. France explored the land around the Mississippi River and settled in many different places around the region…

    • 1138 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    The world of 2025 will bulge with volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) characteristics. Todays Globalization makes information on advance and lethal technology available to near-peer states, poor states, non-states and individuals. This infusion of information and technology to potential adversaries will challenge the U.S. competitive advantages in many, if not all, domains in the military spectrum in the near future. The United States’ fiscal challenges and current budgetary practices add much complexity to the world of 2025.…

    • 1628 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Grey Zone Analysis

    • 1262 Words
    • 6 Pages

    the people in the “grey zone,” it is important to realize the impossible circumstances surrounding these groups of people at the time, making it extraordinarily challenging to judge, blame, or hold responsible many of the members who fall on this spectrum; most people don’t fully know how they will act in a time of crisis until that crisis has fallen upon them. Although this is true, there is also a certain level of responsibility that each person has to humankind, and should be sanctioned if that minimum level is not met, taking into account the specific circumstances. There have been many articles and papers written regarding groups of people in this middle spectrum, and makes attempts at defining them as guilty or innocent with respect…

    • 1262 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    The lack of major U.S. presence in international economic issues causes many nations to collapse as well. The continent of Africa is the center of gravity for these failed states and radical groups.2 Major powers, such as China, are problematic as they aggressively claim areas surrounded their country. The United States focused on itself for the last decade and a half, but now faces the realities of looming national security threats from both state and non-state actors. The United States needs to refocus itself on the myriad of potential attacks that could endanger the country, including Iran and North Korea’s nuclear capabilities, terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks, and China’s strategy concerning aggressive land claims. The United States saw a departure from its role as “global policeman” with the election of…

    • 2250 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    20 years have passed since after the cold war ended. It seems that the ideology, political beliefs or ideas that shape a characteristic of the nation, plays less important roles in international society. Moreover, the difference between democracy and communism will not generate further conflict as one can see Vietnam and other nations are working alongside in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. In such international environment, however, there are several occasions which produce seeds of conflict such as territorial disputes, human rights abuses, and developing nuclear weapons and provoking other nations. Some countries still applying containment policy in their problem.…

    • 390 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Snyder generalizes liberalism and therefore contradicts Doyle’s breakdown of the theory. While Doyle’s list allows room for explanation of the periodic necessity of war, Snyder’s description assumes that liberal states fail to realize that necessity and the reasoning behind war. Snyder also states that liberalism cannot accurately explain why the U.S. has failed to work with some other democracies, especially through international organizations (Snyder 2004, 59). However, while Doyle seems to acknowledge that liberal states distrust non-liberal states, he also seems to suggest that, in the case of liberal imperialism, people still seek to dominate others out of fear. This could provide a partial explanation for the lack of cooperation between the U.S. and other…

    • 944 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Although Booth also explores this theme at the start of his article, his analogy of this traditional approach is rather disparate. Booth assumes that prior to the end of the Cold War, the main concern of security studies was based and focused on inter-state war and the deployment of weapons . Similar to the argument of Walt, Booth states that traditional security has been characterized by the three elements of military threats and counter threats, status quo, and state centrism . Consequently, Booth shifts and differs immensely from Walt, with a much more reasonable and relevant argument. Booth believes that although this was a well-focused part of the study of security, ever since the Cold-War has ended, the modern era has seen the decline in inter-state war, and the fact that will only fight if they or…

    • 1801 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Realism and the End of the Cold War by William C. Wohlforth argues that Modern realism began in a reaction to the breakdown in the post-World War One international order. Wohlforth’s main ideology is realism and states how the rise and fall of realism has taken place, but stresses that international world events cannot weaken or destroy the realist ideology. The collapse of the great power cooperation helped emerge realism to be a dominant position in international relations. The central question presented in this article looks to seek to ask, did the rapid decline and peaceful collapse of the Soviet State, along with the postwar international order, discredit the realist approach? However, Wohlforth believes that.…

    • 1000 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Realism And The Cold War

    • 1470 Words
    • 6 Pages

    (Waltz 2000), there is no way to guarantee lasting peace so states must be sure to protect themselves even if that will result in war. Hence, the need to protect the states sovereignty does inevitably result in war; war is a tool to ensure power and security and as such will always…

    • 1470 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism are all three important theories in the world of International Relations and while there are many differences between the three perspectives, there is still one main similarity. Realism and Liberalism are well-known theories, while Constructivism happens to fall into the category of alternative views. Anarchy is a condition of International Relations that requires states to rely on their own power(Shiraev and Zubok.41). Each theory provides strong arguments as to how much cooperation is possible under anarchy, but in my honest opinion, I believe that Liberalism is the theory that provides the strongest argument as to how cooperation is possible under anarchy.…

    • 1429 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Topic: Liberalism has become the dominant approach to international political economy since the end of the Cold War. Discuss the evidence that proves this dominance and also discuss the positives and the negatives of the liberalist orientation of the global economy. The discussion below is going to elaborate on the dominance of the Liberal in the international political economy (IPE) by expanding on the liberal approach, IPE and its elements, Liberal IPE perspective, the Cold War, positives and criticisms of the Liberal approach Liberalism Liberalism began around World War II; it is a creation of the collapse of feudalism and evolution of a market place. (Heywood 2007).…

    • 2483 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Great Essays