When Reconstruction ended, African Americans increasingly faced difficulties if they lived in the South due to discrimination laws that were commonly known as the "Jim Crow Laws." Southern states passed these laws in an effort to separate the races in public. White southerners also resorted to violence and intimidation against African Americans who very rarely found help within the Southern legal system. In his book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow, Woodward says that the “magical formula of white supremacy” was the only formula powerful enough to accomplish
Northern liberals and former abolitionists expressed the African Americans in such ways as inferior, shiftless, and hopelessly unfit for participation in the society of white civilized
Northern liberals and former abolitionists expressed the African Americans in such ways as inferior, shiftless, and hopelessly unfit for participation in the society of white civilized