The Old Jim Crow Summary

Improved Essays
Introduction.
Is Mass Incarceration anywhere close to being the Old Jim Crow? Michelle Alexander in her book The New Jim Crow argues that US criminal justice system targets African American through the War On Drugs and relates it to the Old Jim Crow. However, in response to her analogy, James Forman, Jr. believes this comparison diminishes the real harm the Old Jim Crow has left in history. In addition, Forman, Jr. argues The New Jim Crow analogy is ignoring violence, obscuring class and diminishing history of The Old Jim Crow and uses convincing evidence to support his point of view.
I) James Forman, Jr. believes Alexander’s analogy is mainly focusing On Drug crimes and ignoring violent and other types of crime. He uses statistics as evidence to prove high rates of incarceration based on violent crimes.
A) According to
…show more content…
II) In addition to his critique, he disagrees with Alexander’s comparison between mass incarcerations targeting the poor and The Jim Crow targeting all African American despite their social status or education level. His evidence proves that Jim Crow targeted all black, while mass incarceration targets poorest, least educated individuals.
A) As Bruce Western’s research reveals, for an African American man with some college education, the lifetime change of going to prison actually decreased slightly between 1979 and 1999 (from 6% to 5%). A black man born in the late 1960s who dropped out of high school has 59% chance of going to prison in his lifetime whereas a black man who attended college has only 5% chance. i He mentions Jim Crow was segregation despite class or education, mass incarceration is affecting the poor, common sense money and education do not impulse bad choices.
III) Lastly, Forman argues that using Jim Crow to focus on mass incarceration ignores the history of The Old Jim Crow. In order to support his argument he mentions a personal experience and talks about the real Jim Crow

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    In the article, “The New Jim Crow,” Michelle Alexander vigorously argues the means in which the American prison system disenfranchises poor people of color by creating a dynamic author-reader relationship through the use of pathos, logos, and ethos, to effectively persuade and appeal her claims to the reader. Utilizing the pathos approach, Alexander evokes emotion from the readers through her use of emotive and visual diction. Moreover, Alexander uses the ethos approach by including the sources and citations or the information she presents her audience. Alongside these citations, the author refers to her own expertise as a lawyer through her personal narratives and simultaneously builds her credibility as a writer. Furthermore, she strategically…

    • 1273 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In The New Jim Crow, author Michele Alexander suggests that mass imprisonment of African Americans in the late 20th and early 21st centuries established a totally new racial caste system. This new system was strikingly oppressive and this novel explores the topic of racial injustice in America’s legal systems today. Alexander proves her claim by referring to racial problems in the past, such as the War on Drugs and Civil Rights. The War on Drugs correlates to past problems. The first claim Alexander argues is, “The War on Drugs is the vehicle through which extraordinary numbers of black men are forced into the cage” (Alexander 185).…

    • 785 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In C. Vann Woodward’s book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow, Woodward talks about the “Twilight Zone” which was the period of myths. Woodward was the first Historian to write about race relations in the time period between 1860 and 1965. Woodward’s purpose of writing this book was to show that segregation even by law has always been prevalent, and to “make the attempt to relate to the origins and development of Jim Crowism to the bewildering rapid changes that have occurred in race relations” (C.V.W. 2nd Preface pg. 17). Woodward’s thesis throughout his book was that racial segregation, which was later known as Jim Crow in the South, did not begin immediately after the Civil War in 1865; moreover that race relations changed in the 1890s and…

    • 818 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Michelle Alexander pours out everything from beginning to end within this book. There was nothing that was off limits when she enlightened her audience about the prevalence of the mass incarceration of our African American men that still affects our society. Alexander argues several points and introduces concepts that we still face today. One of these arguments includes the argument with the war on drugs and the systematic issue of mass incarceration being a continual issue that operates on the biases of colorblindness. The essence of her arguments are captured in the concepts within three chapters of her book.…

    • 1300 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The New Jim crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness by Michelle Alexander breaks down the role that Mass incarceration has played in keeping legal racial discrimination, which we once called Jim Crow laws alive. Throughout the book Michelle Alexander explains the history behind Jim Crow laws and the American criminal justice system as they relate to each other. Alexander uses detailed history and hard facts to support her thesis that the Mass incarceration of African Americans is the governments way of reforming Jim Crow laws to fit todays time. The reason why this topic of Mass incarceration of African Americans is such an important topic to address is to preserve the future of the black community and to change the role that…

    • 824 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Michelle Alexander wrote a book called The New Jim Crow, Mass Incarceration in the Ages of Colorblindness. In this book she argues that the American system of mass incarceration is the New Jim Crow. To get started we need to understand what the original Jim Crow was. The original Jim Crow refers to a series of racist laws that discriminate against African Americans. Even though these laws were from 1876 and 1965 when slavery was the norm, this book gives us an idea of how discrimination is still around today.…

    • 732 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In “The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness” written by Michelle Alexander, she talks about the issue of mass incarceration throughout the United States. She points out the legal discrimination felons are subject to, hence a second class citizen. Alexander sees the problem of the majority of the prison population are African American males. She states that the War On Drugs helped spike this mass incarceration, and had the intent to discriminate against African American males. Hence the name of “The New Jim Crow”, she found this to be the modern day Jim Crow laws which the criminal justice system is responsible for.…

    • 465 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The New Jim Crow Mass incarceration in the Age of colorblindness by Michelle Alexander is a book that I feel every person should read, it is not only limited to the African American people. When Michelle Alexander wrote her book, she had a specific audience in mind. This book was written for those unaware of “the magnitude of the crisis faced by communities of color because of mass incarceration” (Alexander, 2010). During many periods of life there has been chaos among American communities of color and this epidemic has mostly gone unnoticed, even by those involved with racial justice issues. Even though much progress has been made African Americans are still placed in a racial caste which is known as a stigmatized racial group locked into…

    • 1168 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Rhetorical Analysis of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration Michelle Alexander is an African American civil rights activist, Ohio state law professor, and legality lawyer, who has written the famous novel, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness in 2010 which emphasizes the ongoing civil rights issues being had within African American communities and law enforcement. Michelle uses several rhetorical devices within the chapter “The Rebirth of Caste” to provide evidence as to how racism is still prevalent within the United States of America without intentionally noticing it ’s there. Through the use of quotations from historical sources, ethos, pathos, and logos and a timeline of how racism and white supremacy…

    • 738 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Historically African Americans have received the downside to civil matters causing social upheaval. African American individuals have been racially discriminated due to the color of their skin and not their humanistic output towards a situation. Stereotypes and recent progression on perception have forced people to assume that everyday rights have been granted to all individuals no matter their racial background. Due to this aspect, African Americans are placed into a cast system with a harsh system of operations. “The New Jim Crow” by Michelle Alexander and “The Jail” by John Irwin…

    • 767 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    1. What is your overall reaction to this article? In the article The black family in the age of mass incarceration, was overall and amazing article. A lot of people see the “blacks” as drug dealers or murder or look at them in a different way then they look at white.…

    • 1030 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The New Jim Crow was a very interesting point of view. In the book Michelle Alexander expresses to us her opinion that the war on drugs is the way to legally discriminate against African Americans and people of color. In the book she encourages us, as United States Citizens to discuss the criminal justice system and how it is not how it should be. In chapter one we are introduced on how the discrimination has made come back according to Michelle Alexander.…

    • 1900 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    In her article Why Mass Incarceration Matters; Rethinking Crisis, Decline, and Transformation in Postwar American History, Heather Thompson discusses how mass incarceration lead to the decline of poor African American’s economic and social standing, in some cases took jobs from white rural areas, raised profits of businesses in the prison industry, and increased the amount of prisoners performing full time labor. She argues that the greater increase of disparity between African Americans and Whites arose during the New Deal era, which eliminated most of the unfavorable assumptions based on Whites’ social standing. This further divergence eventually allowed greater prejudice to be more narrowly focused on poor African Americans rather than the…

    • 1553 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    The criminal justice system in the United States has increasingly targeted people of color, more specifically African Americans, for crimes that they may have not committed. A huge number of incarcerated African Americans have been wrongfully convicted within the past 20 years. Through the creation of the national police force in 1893, African Americans have had a target on their back. Ever since the establishment of Jim Crows Laws in the 1890s through “separate but equal,” racism has been prominent in society. Through systematic racism, many Americans assume that Africans Americans are more likely to be engaging in criminal activity.…

    • 1996 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    Henslin displays a table that estimates about forty-seven percent of African Americans are inmates in the U.S. state prisons (151). African Americans are also the leading race-ethnicity in jail. These Statements were stated to say this; mass incarceration is keeping the African American race from advancing in society. Approximately forty percent of the inmates have less than a high school education (151). With half of the African American population incarcerated that eliminates the chances of a substantial income and power.…

    • 1449 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays