As I watched the video, I felt shocked. During the Civil War the U.S. confronted a growing population of refugees and a humanitarian crisis. The refugees of the Civil War were predominantly slaves - and increasingly women and children - who fled slavery hoping to get to Union military lines in the South. By the end of the Civil War, tens of thousands had passed through, and many died in, refugee camps. In today's language, they constituted an internally displaced population and simultaneously, a stateless people. Under the rules of war promulgated by the federal government in 1863 - "Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field, General Order No 100" - they were not only "made free by the law of war" but came
