The organization of this can be viewed from the government’s official criminal records. It is true that women were listed in criminal records, but they were not punished directly. Instead, the male head of the household had to do this. For example, if a woman committed a crime and she was caught, the head of the household had to punish her. The government then punished him for not doing his job and controlling her. “Undesirable behaviors among men were handled in the same way, and the house took responsibility.”
Another example is of Mori Nao. She married an abusive man from the Maeno family. Since women could not divorce, the Mori clan had to help persuade the Maeno clan to make the husband sign a divorce letter. “The Maeno built a cage in the garden and locked the husband in there for two mid-winter months, until he finally wrote the divorce letter.” A male member of the Maeno clan documented this, but left Nao’s name out of it. Historians found this only because the Mori clan recorded it with Nao’s