In chapter 4 of Superfreakonomics, Steven D.Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner introduce many problems that seem to be very severe were eventually solved using relatively cheap and straightforward solutions. Through telling a series of stories, the authors carefully illustrate how simple fixes are applied to address complex problems. At the beginning of this chapter, Levitt and Dubner offer a soft opening – “The fix is in -and it’s cheap and straightforward (Levitt & Dubner 72)”, which leads to the following paragraphs. The keywords in their argument are “serious problems” and “simple and cheap solutions”. Levitt and Dubner select a few serious challenges from history, which were solved using relatively straightforward and inexpensive solutions to
