In writing the Meditations, Descartes is reexamining what he has previously taken without argument to be true. The wax is a microcosm of this: Descartes’ contemporaries of philosophers and scientists have never taken to question whether there is any scientific or philosophical significance in the transformative powers of wax. In the same way, they have never questioned the possible transformative powers of the self and reality. Descartes is writing in an effort to correct both of these…
The Discussion and the Conclusion: In Meditation II, Descartes introduces the “Wax Analogy” in order to demonstrate conclusively that things are known through the intellect rather than the senses and that the mind is better known than the body. Specifically, the argument is concerned with how we know rather than what we know. The argument concentrates on transformation— that is, a piece of wax melting into liquid wax. Descartes states that our senses allow us to know about a piece of wax: its colour, taste, smell, size, shape, and solidity. When the wax is placed near a fire, it melts; thus, its properties change as well.…
Descartes is used his ability to think to ponder the possibilities. If the mind is indeed affiliated with the functioning of the body, then it is plausible for the mind to exist without the body. So to be able to know what is possible here, we first need some self- inflicted excuse to think that the mind is something totally from the body, such as the argument from indivisibility. Even at that point in our reasoning, it’s extremely important that we are still cautious, thus using what we can conceive of as a test of…
In Meditations of First Philosophy, Descartes explains philosophical meditations written over six days. The Second Meditation concerns the nature of the human mind. Descartes argues that the human mind is better known than the body. A major claim of his is his most famous quote “I think, therefore I am,” meaning a thinking thing, such as himself, can exist. In this essay, I will prove that Descartes’ argument in the Second Meditation for his existence as a thinking thing is convincing.…
He begins his argument by claiming that the mind and the body are two distinct and incompatible things. Descartes states that minds are non-extended and thinking, but on the contrary, bodies are extended and non-thinking. This leads Descartes to believe that the mind and body are incompatible with each other, given that the mind and the body have different properties. So, if the mind and the body are incompatible and have different properties, then the mind and the body must therefore be distinct from each other, leading Descartes to his conclusion.…
Descartes’ “Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy” is ultimately his journey for true knowledge. In his third meditation he tackles the topic of whether or not there is a God. So far he has talked on his methods of how to find true knowledge such as taking everything that he thinks he knows and discarding it as well as only basing what is true on the fact that he can prove it within his own mind. He has concluded this for multiple reasons such as his senses may all be just a dream and the fact that he may have been deceived by an outside force.…
Descartes not only successfully separated mind and body one from another, but had also separated both from God. Coming up with two substances: that mind is a substance whose essential property is thinking, and matter is a substance whose essential property is being extended. That…
This essay will aim to discuss René Descartes arguments on the first philosophy, by looking at his Meditations on First Philosophy, published in 1641. A summary of Descartes’ arguments will be given by focussing on the first, second, fourth and sixth meditations. Thereafter I will state whether or not I found Descartes’ argument convincing or not. In the first meditation, Descartes states what one might doubt.…
One of the main differences that sets the body and mind apart are the qualities they hold. Descartes sees material bodies as spatial, material qualities, and public, and minds as nonspatial, distinctively mental qualities, and private (Cartesian Dualism). These terms to describe them are opposite of each other which then could explain how it is so hard to connect the mind and body as they are exact opposites. It is hard to see how two things are so different somehow work together.…
In the scenario, there is a sensory perception that the body is experiencing excruciating pain. However, given that the mind and body are distinct and this involves a mode of the mind and the body, this phenomena is possible through the interaction between the mind and body. 1 Despite his dualism thesis, Descartes cannot deny that the senses are connected to the body, in such that sensations such as pain, hunger, and thirst correspond to when the body is not doing well. Descartes uses the example of a sailor and a boat, in that the mind is more present in the body than a sailor is in a boat.…
Descartes uses his reflection on the piece of wax as a way to argue what our senses and imagination lack. Descartes’ argument is that our senses and imagination lack the ability to grasp the extendibility, flexibility, and changeability of wax, specifically in his explanation, but more generally any body “we touch and see” (30). Ones intellect is the only thing that can perceive the nature of a body, such as the wax. The observation of the wax from the original state to the state after being placed near the fire brings up the question “But does the same wax remain”(30). Descartes knows that the senses cannot distinguish that the two different states of the wax are the same wax, “Evidently none of the features which I arrived at by means of the senses: for whatever came under taste, smell, sight, touch or hearing has now altered- yet the wax remains”(30).…
We would not know whether there is a soul in the body or not. However, Descartes, through the second meditation, has demonstrated that the wax is recognized not through the senses or imagination but the mind alone. And in meditation four he uses god as a foundation to prove that material objects exists. Saying that God is no deceiver and therefore objects that God create - the world, would never deceive.…
In Meditation 6, we learn that Descartes comes to the conclusion that the mind and body are two separate entities. His belief is that through the idea that mind and body are separate entities, without the other, one can still exist. He comes to this conclusion by arguing that the mind, a non-extended thinking thing, is an entirely different being than the body, an extended thinking thing, is. He believes that the mind and soul are united to the body but still can be separated from each other and still exist.…
René Descartes first builds up his position in Meditations on First Philosophy by starting with pushing aside all that we know and learned as it was based on the empiricist thinking, that our beliefs are to be based on our sense experience, which is the perceived foundation of how everyone thinks. This way of thinking, according to Descartes, should be abandon as it is a defective way to do so when learning. Even thinking by numbers and figures are not a good foundation when gaining knowledge in Descartes’ Meditations, so he takes through his thoughts so that we come to same conclusion as him on why the methodological doubt should be used to better our understanding of the world. The beliefs we currently have are invalid since our senses…
Descartes believes that the mind and body are separate because people are a rational thinking thing. One needs to think to exist that was the first certainty Descartes came too. Thinking is what makes us exist and the body is simply an extension to that. The body is unnecessary to exist since a person can exist without a leg or an arm but you cannot deceive existence from thinking. Descartes uses the example of the triangle and in class we modified this to say one can imagine a pink triangle since what makes a triangle a triangle doesn’t depend on the color but you can’t imagine a triangle without three sides because that is what makes it what it is.…