In Sudbury, Ontario, Vale Canada runs a nickel extraction, smelting and refining operation. Nickel is extracted from Vale Canada’s six mines in Sudbury, where the raw materials are transported to Vale’s Sudbury refinery. The refinery removes all the impurities from the nickel before being transported to the Sudbury smelter. The smelter mixes the nickel with alloys for commercial applications. After being transported through Sudbury, the nickel is ready to be sold across the globe. The nickel is then transported by truck to Ottawa, the Greater Toronto-Hamilton Area (GTHA), and to the United States in Detroit, Michigan and Buffalo, New York. The pure nickel and the nickel alloys are then transported further through the United States and Canada,
