Rotter was the first person to develop the concept of ‘locus of control’ in 1966 (Carrim, 2006). To define the concept, Rotter (1966) used the empirical law of effect, which mentioned how people were encouraged in seeking for positive motivation, and avoided the negative inspirations. Skinner’s concept of reinforcement helped Rotter (1996) explain the concept, the concept mentioned that in case the results of responses by a person are satisfactory or unsatisfactory, then the possibility of this person using this response in future increases and decreases respectively. Rotter (1966) states that when person experiences a reinforcement, it directly gives strength to the expectation of the behavior, which will be followed by the same reinforcement
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The first concept that would discussed in length is reinforcement, whichincludes rewards and punishment. Social learning theory, which was also developed by Rotter (1954), must also be discussed. The theories and the concepts must be understood to better understand concept of locus of control, however, concept of reinforcement is very important in understanding the concept the most.
3.2.1 Reinforcement Theory
Through studies, researchers have since defined reinforcement as a process where a behavior occurrence cause a change in the environment, which is the reinforcer, hence, leading to increase in the occurrence of such behavior (Polirrg & Norniand, 1999). Rotter (1996) defined reinforcement as an action that intensifies expectancy that makes a certain behavior to be followed by a …show more content…
Carrim (2006, p. 68) stresses that this kind of people believe that the hard work they put to their work led to the desirable outcomes. The internal locus of control persons interpret the reinforcements they are presented with, as their own contributions and actions. Connolly (1980) states that the internals have links that exists between behavior and consequences, and outcome and personal effort, meaning that the internals are the masters of the fates that follow them (Boone, van Olffen & van Witteloostuijn,
The first concept that would discussed in length is reinforcement, whichincludes rewards and punishment. Social learning theory, which was also developed by Rotter (1954), must also be discussed. The theories and the concepts must be understood to better understand concept of locus of control, however, concept of reinforcement is very important in understanding the concept the most.
3.2.1 Reinforcement Theory
Through studies, researchers have since defined reinforcement as a process where a behavior occurrence cause a change in the environment, which is the reinforcer, hence, leading to increase in the occurrence of such behavior (Polirrg & Norniand, 1999). Rotter (1996) defined reinforcement as an action that intensifies expectancy that makes a certain behavior to be followed by a …show more content…
Carrim (2006, p. 68) stresses that this kind of people believe that the hard work they put to their work led to the desirable outcomes. The internal locus of control persons interpret the reinforcements they are presented with, as their own contributions and actions. Connolly (1980) states that the internals have links that exists between behavior and consequences, and outcome and personal effort, meaning that the internals are the masters of the fates that follow them (Boone, van Olffen & van Witteloostuijn,