This essay discusses the four grand theories of development. A theory is an attempt to organise a lot of different facts and give an overall explanation of something. The four Grand Theories of child development is Behaviourism, Social learning theory, Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory and Vygotsky’s social-cognitive theory. It is important to examine these theories because it has a huge influence on how we think about children, how we interact with children and the way we view children.
There are two types of behaviourism Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning. Classical conditioning -Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) is a way of learning reflex actions or involuntary behaviours for example a behaviour that happens to you. You do not …show more content…
Skinner (1904-1990). It is a way of learning all other behaviours beside reflexes i.e. voluntary behaviours. A simple form of learning, learning by association for example learning that two things go together. In operant conditioning, the person learns the association between a behaviour and its consequence. The consequence of a behaviour determines whether or not it will be repeated. The two types of consequences are reinforcements and punishment. Reinforcement increases the chances that a behaviour will be repeated whereas punishment decreases the chances that the behaviour will be repeated. Reinforcement can be both positive and negative an example of positive reinforcement is praise, money, sweets it is also called a reward. An example of negative reinforcement is the removal of something. Punishment can involve presenting something negative for example scolding or the taking away something positive for example taking away TV privileges or …show more content…
how children learn to understand things, how they solve problems and how they reason things out. The theory maintains that development results form an interaction between nature and nurture. Nature is when a child is born with natural curiosity. Naturally they want to figure things out. Children have a natural instinct to explore and to learn. Nurture is when children explore and manipulate things in the environment in order to learn. According to Piaget children build or construct their own understanding on things based on their own natural instinct to explore and manipulating and actively engaging with the environment. Children develop schemas which is a way of understanding something. Two ways of developing a schema is Assimilation which is to add something to an existing schema and Accommodation which is a change the schema to adapt to new information for example when a child sees a dog. The mother says that is an animal. The child develops a schema for animals as the child might say animals have four legs and a tail dogs are
There are two types of behaviourism Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning. Classical conditioning -Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) is a way of learning reflex actions or involuntary behaviours for example a behaviour that happens to you. You do not …show more content…
Skinner (1904-1990). It is a way of learning all other behaviours beside reflexes i.e. voluntary behaviours. A simple form of learning, learning by association for example learning that two things go together. In operant conditioning, the person learns the association between a behaviour and its consequence. The consequence of a behaviour determines whether or not it will be repeated. The two types of consequences are reinforcements and punishment. Reinforcement increases the chances that a behaviour will be repeated whereas punishment decreases the chances that the behaviour will be repeated. Reinforcement can be both positive and negative an example of positive reinforcement is praise, money, sweets it is also called a reward. An example of negative reinforcement is the removal of something. Punishment can involve presenting something negative for example scolding or the taking away something positive for example taking away TV privileges or …show more content…
how children learn to understand things, how they solve problems and how they reason things out. The theory maintains that development results form an interaction between nature and nurture. Nature is when a child is born with natural curiosity. Naturally they want to figure things out. Children have a natural instinct to explore and to learn. Nurture is when children explore and manipulate things in the environment in order to learn. According to Piaget children build or construct their own understanding on things based on their own natural instinct to explore and manipulating and actively engaging with the environment. Children develop schemas which is a way of understanding something. Two ways of developing a schema is Assimilation which is to add something to an existing schema and Accommodation which is a change the schema to adapt to new information for example when a child sees a dog. The mother says that is an animal. The child develops a schema for animals as the child might say animals have four legs and a tail dogs are